Nokea
Assume you are evaluating the specificity of the indirect fluorescence antibody test for rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis. The number of normal persons tested is 150 and the test is positive in 30 persons. The specificity of this test is
- A. 20%
- B. 40%
- C. 60%
- D. 80%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Specificity = (True negatives / Total normals) * 100 = [(150 - 30) / 150] * 100 = 80%.
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Children with anterior mediastinal masses are at serious risk for airway compromise and vascular obstruction. Which of the following is NOT an indication for CT scan in these cases?
- A. Cardiac tamponade
- B. Airway compromise
- C. Carina compression
- D. Temporo-mandibular subluxation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Temporo-mandibular subluxation is unrelated to the assessment of mediastinal masses.
The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing which substances?
- A. Glucocortocoids and androgens
- B. Mineralocortiroids and
- C. Catecholamines and epinephrine catecholamines
- D. Norepinephine and epinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing hormones known as corticosteroids. Within the corticosteroids, the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids (such as cortisol) which are involved in regulating metabolism and the immune response. Additionally, the adrenal cortex produces androgens which are male sex hormones, although they are present in both males and females. Therefore, the correct substances produced by the adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids and androgens (Choice A).
In planning for the admission of this infant, the nurse's highest priority should be to:
- A. Connect the resuscitation bag to the oxygen outlet
- B. Turn on the apnea and cardiorespiratory monitors
- C. Set up the intravenous line with 5% dextrose in water
- D. Set the radiant warmer control temperature at 36.5* C (97.6*F)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When planning for the admission of an infant, the nurse's highest priority should be to turn on the apnea and cardiorespiratory monitors. Monitoring the baby's breathing and heart rate is crucial for assessing the infant's overall condition and detecting any signs of distress. This allows for early intervention if any issues arise and helps ensure the infant's safety and well-being. Once the monitors are on and the baby is stable, other interventions like providing oxygen or setting up an IV line can be addressed. However, monitoring the baby's vital signs takes precedence in ensuring immediate and continuous assessment.
Which virus causes genital warts?
- A. Cytomegalovirus
- B. Human papillomavirus
- C. Herpes simplex virus type II
- D. Human immunodeficiency virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can infect the genital areas of both men and women. There are many different strains of HPV, some of which can cause genital warts. These warts may appear as small bumps or clusters in the genital or anal area. It's important to note that not all HPV strains cause genital warts, and some can lead to more serious conditions such as cervical cancer. Getting vaccinated against HPV and practicing safe sex can help reduce the risk of HPV infection and its associated complications.
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is given to children with chickenpox to:
- A. minimize scarring.
- B. decrease the number of lesions.
- C. prevent aplastic anemia.
- D. prevent spread of the disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral medication commonly used to treat infections caused by the herpes virus, including chickenpox. When given to children with chickenpox, acyclovir helps decrease the number of lesions present on the skin by slowing down the replication of the virus. This not only helps alleviate the discomfort associated with the rash but also reduces the risk of potential complications and accelerates the healing process. While acyclovir does not completely eliminate the virus from the body, it can help control the symptoms and prevent severe manifestations.