Nokea
Which tool measures body fat most accurately?
- A. Stadiometer TestBankWorld.org
- B. Calipers
- C. Cloth tape measure
- D. Paper or metal tape measure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calipers are considered the most accurate tool for measuring body fat percentage when used properly. Calipers work by measuring skinfold thickness at various locations on the body, and this measurement is then used in specific equations to calculate body fat percentage. While the other tools mentioned can provide some insights into body composition, they are not as precise as calipers when it comes to accurately measuring body fat percentage.
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When a child has chronic renal failure, the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as:
- A. uremia.
- B. oliguria.
- C. proteinuria.
- D. pyelonephritis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic renal failure leads to the build-up of waste products and toxins in the blood, known as uremia. This condition results from the kidneys' inability to effectively filter waste from the blood and maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance. As renal function declines, uremia can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations such as fatigue, nausea, itching, and electrolyte imbalances, ultimately resulting in the clinical syndrome known as uremia. Oliguria refers to reduced urine output, proteinuria is the presence of excessive protein in the urine, and pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys - these conditions may be present in chronic renal failure but are not the defining clinical syndrome.
Which of the following patients should the nurse monitors because of increased risk for surgical complications?
- A. 25-year old with appendicitis
- B. patient 5'3" in height, weight 180 lbs
- C. 12-year old with fractured knee
- D. 17-year old with gallstone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient who is 5'3" in height and weighs 180 lbs is considered obese based on their body mass index (BMI). Obesity is a significant risk factor for surgical complications such as wound infections, blood clots, and respiratory issues. In obese patients, surgical procedures can be more challenging due to difficulties in accessing and visualizing surgical sites, longer surgery times, and increased stress on the body's organs. Therefore, this patient should be closely monitored for potential surgical complications.
You are meeting parents of a 1.5-year-old boy who has suboptimal growth. He has been delivered prematurely at the gestational age of 32 weeks. Examination reveals a healthy child with growth parameters below normal for age. You reassure the parents that their child will catch his normal growth with time. Of the following, the growth parameter that should be corrected at this age is
- A. weight
- B. height
- C. body mass index
- D. head circumference
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Premature infants often experience suboptimal weight gain initially due to their early birth. However, they tend to 'catch up' in weight over time as they mature, making weight the most relevant parameter to correct.
A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands, but she will not voluntarily grasp it. How should the nurse interpret this action?
- A. Normal development
- B. Significant developmental lag
- C. Slightly delayed development due to prematurity
- D. Suggestive of a neurologic disorder such as cerebral palsy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 3 months of age, most infants should be able to voluntarily grasp objects placed in their hands. This infant, who was born at 38 weeks of gestation, is showing signs of slight delay in development. Premature infants often have developmental delays, especially in motor skills, compared to full-term infants. The fact that the infant can hold a rattle if it is put in her hands is a positive sign, indicating that she is on the right track developmentally but might be a little behind schedule. Continuing to monitor the infant's progress and providing appropriate developmental stimulation can help promote further motor skill development. There is no indication at this point to suspect a significant developmental lag or a neurologic disorder like cerebral palsy without further assessment and observation.
An adult is diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following nursing diagnosis?
- A. Risk for increased cardiac output related to fluid volume excess
- B. Disturbed sensory perception related to bleeding into tissues
- C. Alteration in tissue perfusion related to bleeding and diminished blood flow
- D. Risk for aspiration related to constriction of the respiratory musculature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious condition that involves widespread activation of coagulation leading to microthrombi formation in blood vessels throughout the body. This process can lead to consumption of clotting factors and platelets, causing both bleeding and thrombosis. In the context of DIC, there is a risk for altered tissue perfusion due to the combination of bleeding and microthrombi formation, which can impair blood flow to vital organs and tissues. This condition can ultimately result in organ dysfunction and failure, making it a significant concern in the care of a client with DIC. Therefore, the correct nursing diagnosis for a client with DIC is alteration in tissue perfusion related to bleeding and diminished blood flow.