Nokea
A nurse is directed to administer a hypotonic intravenous solution. The nurse expects that compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause all of the following symptoms except:
- A. O.45% sodium chloride
- B. 5% dextrose in water
- C. O.90% sodium chloride
- D. 5% dextrose in normal saline solution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypotonic solutions have lower osmolarity compared to the intracellular fluid, causing water to move into the cells by osmosis. This can lead to further swelling of the cells in the body. In the case of hypovolemia, the body is already experiencing a deficit of fluid and electrolytes, so administering a hypotonic solution like 0.90% sodium chloride would further exacerbate cellular swelling and potentially lead to cellular damage. Therefore, using 0.90% sodium chloride as a compensatory mechanism for hypovolemia would not be appropriate.
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A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
Lily , age 5, with an intelligence quotient of 65 is admitted to the hospital for evaluation. When planning care, the nurse should keep in mind that this child is:
- A. Within the lower range of normal intelligence
- B. Mildly retarded but educable
- C. Moderately retarded but trainable
- D. Completely dependent on others for care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lily, with an intelligence quotient of 65, falls into the category of moderate intellectual disability, which typically ranges from IQ 35-49 to 50-69. Children with moderate intellectual disability have limitations in intellectual functioning that result in difficulties with adaptive behaviors, learning, and social skills. They can benefit from training, therapies, and educational interventions to improve their functional abilities and quality of life. While they may require support and supervision in various aspects of daily living, they are not completely dependent on others for care like individuals with severe or profound intellectual disability. Therefore, the nurse should consider Lily as moderately retarded but trainable when planning care for her in the hospital.
Which of the following instructions should Nurse Cheryl include in her teaching plan for the parents of Reggie with otitis media?
- A. Placing the child in the supine position to bottle-feed
- B. Giving prescribed amoxicillin (Amoxil) on an empty stomach
- C. Cleaning the inside of the ear canals with cotton swabs
- D. Avoiding contact with people who have upper respiratory tract infections
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurse Cheryl should include in her teaching plan for Reggie's parents to avoid contact with people who have upper respiratory tract infections. Otitis media is often caused by upper respiratory infections, and exposure to individuals with such infections can increase the risk of exacerbating Reggie's condition or causing recurrent infections. Implementing measures to minimize exposure can help prevent further complications and promote faster recovery for Reggie. Placing the child in the supine position to bottle-feed may increase the likelihood of fluid entering the middle ear, worsening the otitis media. Giving amoxicillin on an empty stomach is not recommended as it can cause gastrointestinal upset and reduce absorption; instead, it should be given with food to enhance efficacy. Cleaning the inside of the ear canals with cotton swabs can be harmful and may cause damage or introduce infection, making it an inappropriate practice in managing otitis media.
Hepatoblastoma is a neoplasm of undifferentiated precursors of hepatocytes. It is of different histological classification; which type predict the MOST favorable outcome?
- A. mixed type of pure epithelial and mesenchymal elements
- B. type of pure epithelial histology
- C. type of mixed fetal and embryonal histology
- D. type of undifferentiated histology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pure epithelial histology, particularly fetal type, is associated with the best prognosis.
Which of the ff is the best dietary advice to maximize the immune function in healthy people?
- A. Include immune enhancing formulas
- B. Avoid polyunsaturated fatty acids
- C. Increase intake of essential fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids
- D. Follow a balanced and varied diet CARING FOR CLIENT WITH IMMUNE MEDIATED DISORDERS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Following a balanced and varied diet is the best dietary advice to maximize immune function in healthy individuals. A balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods provides the necessary vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients to support overall health and immune function. This approach ensures that the body receives a wide range of nutrients that are essential for optimal immune system functioning.