Nokea
Assume you are evaluating the specificity of the indirect fluorescence antibody test for rapid diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis. The number of normal persons tested is 150 and the test is positive in 30 persons. The specificity of this test is
- A. 20%
- B. 40%
- C. 60%
- D. 80%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Specificity = (True negatives / Total normals) * 100 = [(150 - 30) / 150] * 100 = 80%.
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The nurse is caring for a client in acute addisonian crisis. Which laboratory data would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In acute Addisonian crisis, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, leading to a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure. This can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to the lack of aldosterone, which normally helps regulate potassium excretion from the body. Additionally, clients in Addisonian crisis may experience hyponatremia (low sodium levels) rather than hypernatremia. Reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hyperglycemia would not be typical findings in acute Addisonian crisis.
A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
Children with anterior mediastinal masses are at serious risk for airway compromise and vascular obstruction. Which of the following is NOT an indication for CT scan in these cases?
- A. Cardiac tamponade
- B. Airway compromise
- C. Carina compression
- D. Temporo-mandibular subluxation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Temporo-mandibular subluxation is unrelated to the assessment of mediastinal masses.
What size of suction catheter would Wilma use for James, who is 6 feet 5 inches in height and weighing approximately 145 lbs?
- A. Fr. 5
- B. Fr. 12
- C. Fr. 10
- D. Fr. 18
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct size of a suction catheter is usually determined by the patient's weight, rather than height. For James, who weighs approximately 145 lbs, a Fr. 10 suction catheter would be suitable. Suction catheter sizes typically range from Fr. 5 (smaller) to Fr. 18 (larger), with Fr. 10 being a common size for an adult patient of James' weight. Using a catheter that is too small may not effectively clear secretions, while one that is too big may cause discomfort or damage to the airways.
For a client with polycythemia vera, how can the nurse help decrease the risk for thrombus formation?
- A. Teach the client how to perform isometric exercises
- B. Help the client don thromboembolic stocking or support hose during waking hours
- C. Advise drinking 3 quarts (L) of fluid per day
- D. Instruct the client to rest immediately if chest pain develops  A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING SET I THE HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a client with polycythemia vera, there is an increased risk for thrombus formation due to the increased viscosity of the blood. Wearing thromboembolic stockings or support hose can help promote circulation, prevent stasis, and reduce the risk of thrombus formation. Compression stockings provide external pressure to the legs, which helps prevent blood from pooling and clotting. This intervention is commonly recommended for patients at risk for thrombus formation to improve blood flow in the lower extremities and reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism.