Nokea
A heart transplant may be indicated for a child with severe heart failure and:
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- B. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is treated by procedures such as the Norwood procedure or heart transplant.
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The following are true of vitamin K:
- A. It is a water-soluble vitamin
- B. It is found mainly in red meat
- C. After infancy most is synthesised by the gut flora
- D. Low levels after birth may lead to intracerebral haemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by gut flora after infancy. It is a fat-soluble vitamin, and low levels after birth can lead to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Nurse Roy is administering total parental nutrition (TPN) through a peripheral I.V. line to a school-age child. What’s the smallest amount of glucose that’s considered safe and not caustic to small veins, while also providing adequate TPN?
- A. 5% glucose
- B. 10% glucose
- C. 15% glucose
- D. 17% glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 10% glucose solution is safe for peripheral veins and provides adequate nutrition without causing irritation or damage.
X-linked conditions include:
- A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- B. Hypophosphataemic rickets
- C. Huntington's chorea
- D. Phenylketonuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.
The following are strongly associated with Kawasaki disease EXCEPT
- A. duration of fever of >16 days
- B. first-degree heart block
- C. male gender
- D. age of <1 year
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First-degree heart block is less commonly associated with Kawasaki disease compared to other factors.
What is the Duke Treadmill score for a patient who exercised for 10 minutes (12 METS) and had a maximum of 1 mm ST depression at peak exercise without angina?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Duke Treadmill score is calculated based on exercise duration