Nokea
A home care nurse assesses for disease complications in a client with bone cancer. The nurse knows that bone cancer may cause which electrolyte disturbance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone cancer can lead to the release of calcium from the bones into the bloodstream, resulting in hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a common electrolyte disturbance seen in clients with bone cancer. When the calcium levels in the blood are elevated, it can lead to various complications such as kidney stones, muscle weakness, confusion, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is essential for the home care nurse to assess for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia in clients with bone cancer to prevent potential complications.
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The nurse is caring for a client with thrombocytopenia. What is the best way to protect this client?
- A. Limit visits by family members
- B. Encourage the client to use a wheelchair
- C. Use the smallest needle possible for injections
- D. Maintain accurate fluid intake and output records Situation: AIDS cases has been all over the country and yet only few are reported cases due to the stigma attach to it.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count in the blood, which can lead to abnormal bleeding and bruising. Using the smallest needle possible for injections helps minimize the risk of causing bleeding or bruising in clients with thrombocytopenia. Larger needles can cause more tissue damage and increase the chances of bleeding complications in these individuals. Therefore, using the smallest needle possible is the best way to protect the client from potential harm related to their condition.
In embryonic period, formation of all of the following occur by the given time EXCEPT
- A. 8 days - blastocyst formation
- B. 6 weeks - ectoderm formation
- C. 8 weeks - crown-rump length about 3 cm
- D. 10 weeks - endoderm formation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endoderm formation occurs much earlier than 10 weeks in the embryonic period.
A nurse is teaching a class on breastfeeding to expectant parents. Which are contraindications for breastfeeding? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in mother
- B. Mastitis
- C. Inverted nipples
- D. Maternal cancer therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in mother: Breastfeeding is contraindicated in mothers with HIV because the virus can be transmitted to the infant through breast milk.
When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which information?
- A. A child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours.
- B. The principal area of involvement is the joints.
- C. Aspirin is contraindicated.
- D. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects children. The therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease includes the administration of gamma globulin and aspirin. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or gamma globulin is given as a single dose to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities, while aspirin is used for its anti-inflammatory effects. It is important to note that aspirin should not be given to children with viral infections due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Therefore, option D is the correct choice in this case.
When is isotretinoin (Accutane) indicated for the treatment of acne during adolescence?
- A. The acne has not responded to other treatments.
- B. The adolescent is or may become pregnant.
- C. The adolescent is unable to give up foods causing acne.
- D. Frequent washing with antibacterial soap has been unsuccessful.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a potent medication used for severe acne that has not responded to other treatments, such as topical medications or antibiotics. It is typically considered as a last resort due to its potential side effects and risks. Adolescents with resistant, severe acne who have not seen improvement with other therapies may be good candidates for isotretinoin treatment. It is important for the prescribing healthcare provider to carefully assess the severity of the acne and weigh the benefits against the potential risks before initiating isotretinoin therapy.