Nokea
A hospitalized client with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis complains of mouth pain. What is the best initial nursing action?
- A. Encourage frequent mouth care
- B. Cleanse the tongue and mouth with glycerin swabs
- C. Obtain a soft diet for the client
- D. Administer a topical analgesic per PRN protocol.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administering a topical analgesic provides immediate pain relief, allowing the client to tolerate mouth care and other interventions.
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In the treatment of hypothyroidism in children:
- A. Levodopa is the treatment of choice
- B. Levothyroxine should be used
- C. Triiodothyronine is the first line treatment
- D. Carbimazole is indicated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism, as it replaces the deficient thyroid hormone and helps normalize metabolic functions.
A parent brings a toddler, age 19 months, to the clinic for a regular check-up. When palpating the toddler’s fontanels, what should the nurse expects to find?
- A. Closed anterior fontanel and open posterior fontanel
- B. Open anterior and fontanel and closed posterior fontanel
- C. Closed anterior and posterior fontanels
- D. Open anterior and posterior fontanels
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: By 19 months, both the anterior and posterior fontanels should be closed as the skull bones have fused.
The nurse is monitoring an infant with a congenital heart disease closely for signs of heart failure. Which early sign should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Pallor
- B. Cough
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Slow and shallow breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is an early sign of heart failure in infants because the heart attempts to compensate for decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate.
Sodium valproate is used in all types of seizures except:
- A. Absences
- B. Infantile spasms
- C. Generalised clonic seizures
- D. Myoclonic type
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile spasms: Sodium valproate is not the first-line treatment for infantile spasms. Vigabatrin is preferred due to its effectiveness in this condition.
Severe hypothermia in newborn is defined as temperature below
- A. 28° C
- B. 30° C
- C. 32° C
- D. 34° C
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe hypothermia in newborns is defined as a core body temperature below 28° C, which is life-threatening and requires immediate intervention.