Nokea
A is used for urine to be eliminated by an alternate route rather than traveling through the bladder.
- A. Urostomy
- B. Foley catheter
- C. Nephrostomy tube
- D. Straight catheter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A nephrostomy tube diverts urine directly from the kidney to an external collection system, bypassing the bladder.
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A is caused by the presence of pathogens within the urinary tract.
- A. Urinary retention
- B. Urinary tract infection
- C. Kidney stone
- D. Bladder spasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by pathogens, such as bacteria, within the urinary tract.
Circumcision is
- A. Retraction of the foreskin in males.
- B. Removal of the foreskin in males.
- C. Tightening of the foreskin in males.
- D. Narrowing of the opening of the foreskin in males.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Circumcision involves surgical removal of the foreskin in males.
Your patient has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 45 mL/min over a 3-month period. What does this tell you about her kidney function?
- A. She has chronic kidney disease.
- B. She is in renal failure.
- C. She has a kidney infection.
- D. Nothing; only BUN and creatinine levels can give information about kidney function.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A GFR of 45 mL/min over 3 months indicates chronic kidney disease (stage 3), as it reflects persistently reduced kidney function.
You are teaching bladder retraining to the patient with incontinence. She tries the plan and reports back to you about her progress. 'I tried going to the bathroom every 2 hours like you said, but I just sit there. I'm trying now to just go when I feel the urge, which is about every 3 hours. I'm still having accidents about half the time, which is a big improvement.' Which of the following statements should you make in response to the patient's comment?
- A. That's great. Keep up that pattern. It sounds like it's working.
- B. Waiting until you feel the urge defeats the purpose of a bladder retraining program. It sounds like you haven't really implemented the program. You should go back to trying to void every 2 hours to train your bladder to empty when you want it to.
- C. It sounds like bladder retraining isn't working for you, but that paying greater attention to the urge to go is.
- D. This is good information, but waiting for the urge to go is not going to retrain your bladder. Try toileting yourself every 2½ hours. Do this for several days to a week and then let me know the results.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adjusting the interval to 2½ hours may help the patient adhere to a scheduled voiding program, which is essential for bladder retraining.
You have just inserted an indwelling catheter in a 56-year-old male patient with urinary retention due to an enlarged prostate. You notice that the drainage bag is filling quickly, with 750 mL of urine almost immediately draining into it. Which of these actions will you take?
- A. Clamp the catheter after 1,000 mL has drained to prevent bladder collapse.
- B. Clamp the catheter after 1,200 mL has drained to prevent hematuria.
- C. Take no action because the patient is tolerating rapid bladder decompression without problems.
- D. Remove the catheter after 1,500 mL has drained and call the health-care provider.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid drainage is normal in urinary retention, and no action is needed if the patient is tolerating it without symptoms like pain or hematuria.