Nokea
A major cause of health-related problems is the increase in the incidence of chronic conditions. This is the case not only in developed countries like the United States but also in developing countries. What factor has contributed to the increased incidence of chronic diseases in developing countries?
- A. Developing countries are experiencing an increase in average life span.
- B. Increasing amounts of health research are taking place in developing countries.
- C. Developing countries lack the health infrastructure to manage illness.
- D. Developing countries are simultaneously coping with emerging infectious diseases.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic conditions have become the major cause of health-related problems in developed countries as well as in the developing countries, which are also trying to cope with new and emerging infectious diseases. There is indeed a lack of health infrastructure in many countries, but this is not cited as the cause of the increased incidence of chronic diseases. In many countries, increased life span and health research are not occurring.
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Research has corroborated an experienced nurses observation that the incidence and prevalence of chronic conditions is increasing in the United States. What health promotion initiative most directly addresses the factor that has been shown to contribute to this increase?
- A. A program to link residents with primary care providers
- B. A community-based weight-loss program
- C. A stress management workshop
- D. A cancer screening campaign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, chronic stress, and sedentary lifestyle, that increase the risk of chronic health problems such rhincrease in the incidence of chronic conditions. Obesity is paramount among these, exceeding the significance of lack of access to primary care, inadequate cancer screening, and inadequate personally significant than lack of access to primary care, inadequate cancer screening, and inadequate stress management.
In your role as a school nurse, you are presenting at a high school health fair and are promoting the benefits of maintaining a healthy body weight. You should refer to reductions in the risks of what diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Heart disease
- B. Stroke
- C. Cancer
- D. Diabetes
- E. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The increasing prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of heart disease, strokes, diabetes, and hypertension. Obesity is not usually cited as a major risk factor for most types of cancer.
You are the case manager who oversees the multidisciplinary care of several patients living with chronic conditions. Two of your patients are living with spina bifida. You recognize that the center of care for these two patients typically exists where?
- A. In the hospital
- B. In the physicians office
- C. In the home
- D. In the rehabilitation facility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The day-to-day management of illness is largely the responsibility of people with chronic disorders and their families. As a result, the home, rather than the hospital, is the center of care in chronic conditions. Hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, clinics, physicians offices, nursing homes, nursing centers, and community agencies are considered adjuncts or back-up services to daily home management.
A 39-year-old patient with paraplegia has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a sacral ulcer. The nurse is aware that the patient normally lives alone in an apartment and manages his ADLs independently. Before creating the patients plan of care, how should the nurse best identify the level of assistance that the patient will require in the hospital?
- A. Make referrals for assessment to occupational therapy and physical therapy.
- B. Talk with the patient about the type and level of assistance that he desires.
- C. Obtain the patients previous medical record and note what was done during his most recent admission.
- D. Apply a standardized care plan that addresses the needs of a patient with paraplegia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients should be asked preferences about approaches to carrying out their ADLs, and assistive devices they require should be readily available. The other listed actions may be necessary in some cases, but the ultimate resource should be the patient himself.
A nurse is aware that the number of people in the United States who are living with disabilities is expected to continue increasing. What is considered to be one of the factors contributing to this increase?
- A. The decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities
- B. The increased inability to cure chronic disorders
- C. Changes in infection patterns resulting from antibiotic resistance
- D. Increased survival rates among people who experience trauma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The number of people with disabilities is expected to increase over time as people with early-onset disabilities, chronic disorders, and severe trauma survive and have normal or near-normal lifespans. There has not been a decrease in the number of people with early-onset disabilities. Acquired chronic disorders still cannot be cured.