Nokea
A male client is having trouble with erections and comes to the clinic to be seen by the doctor. The doctor diagnoses the client with erectile dysfunction. The nurse provides education regarding the disorder and teaches the client that erectile dysfunction can be caused by which of the following?
- A. Obsessive compulsive disorder
- B. Complications of STIs
- C. Side effects of drug therapy
- D. Spinal stenosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drug side effects are a common cause of erectile dysfunction.
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Shin bone is also known as
- A. Femur
- B. Tibia
- C. Fibula
- D. Patella
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tibia. The shin bone is commonly referred to as the tibia. This bone is located on the inner side of the leg and is the larger of the two lower leg bones. The femur (A) is the thigh bone, the fibula (C) is the smaller of the two lower leg bones, and the patella (D) is the kneecap. Therefore, the tibia is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the shin bone.
Which situation would be part of the normal reproductive cycle of a human?
- A. the presence of testosterone regulating gamete production in a male
- B. estrogen in concentrations that would produce sperm in a female
- C. a high progesterone level in a male
- D. a low insulin level in either a male or a female
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced by the testes in males, regulating sperm production.
Step 2: Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm in males), crucial for the reproductive cycle.
Step 3: Therefore, the presence of testosterone regulating gamete production in a male is a normal part of the reproductive cycle.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect as estrogen, a female sex hormone, does not produce sperm.
- Option C is incorrect as progesterone is a hormone mainly involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, not in males.
- Option D is incorrect as insulin is a hormone related to glucose metabolism, not directly involved in the reproductive cycle.
When a male is castrated before puberty, he becomes:
- A. Female
- B. Cretin
- C. Eunuch
- D. Potent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eunuch. When a male is castrated before puberty, he becomes a eunuch because castration removes the testes, leading to a lack of testosterone production and loss of male secondary sexual characteristics. This results in a eunuch having a more neutral appearance and lacking the ability to reproduce.
A: Choosing "Female" is incorrect because castration does not change the individual's genetic sex.
B: Selecting "Cretin" is incorrect as cretinism is a condition caused by severe thyroid hormone deficiency, not related to castration.
D: Opting for "Potent" is incorrect as castration leads to the loss of reproductive ability, making the individual infertile.
Mammary papilla means the;
- A. Areola
- B. Lactiferous duct
- C. Sinuses
- D. Nipple
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nipple. The mammary papilla refers to the nipple, the protruding part of the breast where milk is released during breastfeeding. It is the anatomical structure that connects the lactiferous ducts to the outside of the body. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Areola is the darker area surrounding the nipple.
B: Lactiferous duct is the tube that carries milk from the mammary glands to the nipple.
C: Sinuses are not directly related to the mammary papilla.
Levels of transcortin are elevated in a pregnant woman. Which of the following laboratory findings would be expected in this patient?
- A. Increased total (protein-bound plus free) plasma cortisol concentration
- B. Increased free (non–protein-bound) plasma cortisol concentration
- C. Decreased total plasma cortisol concentration
- D. Decreased free plasma cortisol concentration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Elevated levels of transcortin in a pregnant woman lead to an increase in total plasma cortisol concentration. Transcortin binds to cortisol, increasing its total concentration but reducing the amount of free (non-protein-bound) cortisol. Choice A is correct as total cortisol concentration increases due to transcortin binding. Choices B and D are incorrect as free cortisol concentration decreases. Choice C is incorrect as total cortisol concentration is elevated, not decreased.