Nokea
A male patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is a smoker. The nurse notices respiratory distress and no breath sounds over the left chest. Which type of pneumothorax should the nurse suspect is occurring?
- A. Tension pneumothorax
- B. Iatrogenic pneumothorax
- C. Traumatic pneumothorax
- D. Spontaneous pneumothorax
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient has a history of COPD and is a smoker, making spontaneous pneumothorax more likely. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs without any trauma or injury and is often seen in patients with underlying lung conditions like COPD.
You may also like to solve these questions
During internal and external respiration, gases move by
- A. osmosis
- B. active transport
- C. diffusion
- D. endocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: diffusion. During internal and external respiration, gases move from areas of high concentration to low concentration through passive diffusion. This process is driven by the concentration gradient, allowing gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide to exchange in the lungs and tissues. Osmosis (A) is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, not gases. Active transport (B) requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient, which is not how gases move during respiration. Endocytosis (D) is a process where cells engulf substances by forming vesicles, not how gases are exchanged in respiration.
which factors affect on exercise.
- A. body temperature
- B. smoking
- C. physical exercise
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Body temperature (A) is a factor as it affects how efficiently muscles work during exercise. Smoking (B) can negatively impact exercise performance and overall health. Physical exercise (C) is an obvious factor that directly influences exercise outcomes. Therefore, all three factors are interconnected and collectively influence an individual's exercise capacity and performance.
Hemoglobin gives up O2 when
- A. carbon dioxide concentrations are high
- B. body temperature is lowered.
- C. pH values are high
- D. CO2 concentrations are low
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: carbon dioxide concentrations are high. When carbon dioxide levels are high, it leads to a decrease in blood pH, triggering hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily through the Bohr effect. This is a physiological response to maintain homeostasis. The other choices (B, C, D) do not directly affect the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.
A male adult patient hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
- A. Nausea or vomiting
- B. Abdominal pain or diarrhea
- C. Hallucinations or tinnitus
- D. Lightheadedness or paresthesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lightheadedness or paresthesia. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels and an increase in pH. This can result in symptoms such as lightheadedness (from decreased cerebral blood flow) and paresthesia (tingling sensations due to changes in calcium ionization). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are more commonly seen in metabolic alkalosis, while hallucinations and tinnitus are not typical symptoms of respiratory alkalosis.
One way to improve respiratory performance with age is to
- A. eat smaller meals
- B. stop smoking
- C. sleep longer
- D. maintain normal glucose levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stop smoking. Smoking can damage the lungs and reduce respiratory function. By quitting smoking, lung health can improve, leading to better respiratory performance with age. Eating smaller meals, sleeping longer, and maintaining normal glucose levels do not directly impact respiratory performance. Smoking cessation is the most effective way to improve lung function and overall respiratory health.