Nokea
Muscles attached to diaphragm contract during inspiration to make it
- A. Flat
- B. Dome-shaped
- C. Concave
- D. Rotate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flat. During inspiration, the muscles attached to the diaphragm contract, causing it to flatten. This action increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to rush into the lungs. The diaphragm moving downward creates a larger space for the lungs to expand. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the diaphragm does not become dome-shaped, concave, or rotate during inspiration. The key concept here is understanding the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process and how its contraction affects the shape of the thoracic cavity.
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The experienced LPN/LVN is providing nursing care for a client with a respiratory problem. Which of the following actions are appropriate to the scope of practice for an experienced LPN/LVN? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Auscultate breath sounds.
- B. Administer MDI (multidose inhaler) medications.
- C. Check oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry.
- D. Evaluate client's technique for using MDIs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer includes A, B, and C. Auscultating breath sounds, administering MDI medications, and checking oxygen saturation are within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN. Evaluating the client's technique (D) may require more advanced assessment skills typically performed by RNs.
The nurse is assessing a patient who frequently coughs after eating or drinking. How should the nurse best follow up this assessment finding?
- A. Obtain a sputum sample.
- B. Perform a swallowing assessment.
- C. Inspect the patient's tongue and mouth.
- D. Assess the patient's nutritional status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a swallowing assessment. This is the best follow-up because coughing after eating or drinking can be a sign of dysphagia, a swallowing disorder. By performing a swallowing assessment, the nurse can identify any issues with the patient's ability to swallow safely, which can lead to aspiration and respiratory complications. Obtaining a sputum sample (A) may not provide relevant information in this context. Inspecting the patient's tongue and mouth (C) may not directly address the coughing after eating. Assessing the patient's nutritional status (D) is important but may not address the immediate issue of coughing after eating or drinking.
A male patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is a smoker. The nurse notices respiratory distress and no breath sounds over the left chest. Which type of pneumothorax should the nurse suspect is occurring?
- A. Tension pneumothorax
- B. Iatrogenic pneumothorax
- C. Traumatic pneumothorax
- D. Spontaneous pneumothorax
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient has a history of COPD and is a smoker, making spontaneous pneumothorax more likely. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs without any trauma or injury and is often seen in patients with underlying lung conditions like COPD.
which factors affect on exercise.
- A. body temperature
- B. smoking
- C. physical exercise
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Body temperature (A) is a factor as it affects how efficiently muscles work during exercise. Smoking (B) can negatively impact exercise performance and overall health. Physical exercise (C) is an obvious factor that directly influences exercise outcomes. Therefore, all three factors are interconnected and collectively influence an individual's exercise capacity and performance.
Which of the following sinuses are located on either side of the nose?
- A. Ethmoidal sinuses
- B. Frontal sinuses
- C. Maxillary sinuses
- D. Sphenoidal sinuses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The maxillary sinuses are paired cavities located on either side of the nose, beneath the orbits. Ethmoidal sinuses (A) are smaller and located between the eyes. Frontal sinuses (B) are above the eyebrows. Sphenoidal sinuses (D) are deeper within the skull, behind the nasal cavity.