Exam Questions on Respiratory System

Exam Questions on Respiratory System Related

Review Exam Questions on Respiratory System related questions and content

A male patient is admitted to the healthcare facility for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which nursing diagnosis is most important for this patient?

  • A. Activity intolerance related to fatigue.
  • B. Anxiety related to actual threat to health status.
  • C. Risk for infection related to retained secretions.
  • D. Impaired gas exchange related to airflow obstruction.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impaired gas exchange related to airflow obstruction. This is the most important nursing diagnosis for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because impaired gas exchange directly impacts the patient's ability to breathe and obtain oxygen. Addressing this issue is crucial in managing the patient's condition and preventing further complications.

A: Activity intolerance related to fatigue may be a concern for the patient, but it is secondary to the primary issue of impaired gas exchange.

B: Anxiety related to actual threat to health status is important to address, but it is not the most critical nursing diagnosis for this patient.

C: Risk for infection related to retained secretions is a valid concern, but it is not as immediate and directly life-threatening as impaired gas exchange in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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The 75-year-old patient asks the nurse if the Pneumovax immunization he took when he was 65 is still protecting him. Which reply is most accurate?

  • A. Pneumovax protects you for your lifetime.
  • B. Immunity afforded you by Pneumovax lasts only 2 years.
  • C. Pneumovax protection varies according to your risk factors and living situation.
  • D. After 6 years, you need a repeat dose of Pneumovax for full immunity.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Pneumovax is recommended for adults aged 65 and older.
Step 2: Immunity from Pneumovax decreases over time.
Step 3: CDC recommends a second dose of Pneumovax after 5 years for those at highest risk.
Step 4: Answer D is correct as it aligns with CDC guidelines for revaccination.
Step 5: Other choices are incorrect as they do not reflect current recommendations or scientific evidence.

Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles has what effect on respiratory rate, elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and arterial PCO2?

  • A. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
    PCO2
  • B. increased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
    PCO2
  • C. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
    PCO2
  • D. decreased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
    PCO2
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles would decrease respiratory rate, leading to decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli. This would cause an increase in arterial PCO2 due to less CO2 being removed from the body. Therefore, choice D is correct.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the physiological effects of inhibiting the medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles. Option A suggests an increase in respiratory rate and elimination of CO2, which goes against the expected decrease in these parameters. Option B proposes an increase in respiratory rate but a decrease in CO2 elimination and arterial PCO2, which is inconsistent with the expected outcomes. Option C suggests an increase in respiratory rate and CO2 elimination but a decrease in arterial PCO2, which does not follow the logic of the question.

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s).

  • A. apneustic
  • B. pneumotaxic
  • C. DRG and VRG
  • D. expiratory
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) and Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) are the centers in the brainstem responsible for controlling the rate and depth of breathing. The DRG primarily regulates inspiration, while the VRG is involved in both inspiration and expiration. The apneustic and pneumotaxic centers (choices A and B) are subregions within the pons that modulate the activity of the DRG and VRG but do not establish the baseline rate and depth of breathing. The expiratory center (choice D) is responsible for controlling only the expiratory phase of breathing and is not involved in setting the normal rate and depth of breathing.

For which client(s) would you assign the nursing care to the new RN under your supervision? (Choose all that apply.)

  • A. A 38-year-old client with moderate persistent asthma awaiting discharge
  • B. A 63-year-old client with tracheostomy needing trach care every shift
  • C. A 56-year-old client with lung cancer just returned from left lower lobectomy
  • D. A 49-year-old new admission client with new diagnosis of esophageal cancer
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer includes A and D. Assigning care for clients with moderate persistent asthma (A) and a new diagnosis of esophageal cancer (D) is appropriate for a new RN under supervision. Clients requiring tracheostomy care (B) or post-lobectomy recovery (C) involve complex care unsuitable for a new RN.

Which of the following decreases respiratory efficiency?

  • A. decreased blood flow
  • B. increased surface area
  • C. increased partial pressure gradients
  • D. increased gas solubility
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Blood flow supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide in the lungs, essential for efficient gas exchange.
Step 2: Decreased blood flow means less oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, leading to decreased respiratory efficiency.
Step 3: Choice A is correct as it directly impacts the gas exchange process.
Summary:
- Choice B (increased surface area) would enhance gas exchange efficiency.
- Choice C (increased partial pressure gradients) would improve gas exchange efficiency.
- Choice D (increased gas solubility) would not directly affect respiratory efficiency.

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