Nokea
The collapse of lung is known as:
- A. pleurisy
- B. pleural effusion
- C. atelectasis
- D. pneumothorax
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: atelectasis. Atelectasis refers to the collapse of a lung or a part of a lung, leading to incomplete expansion of air sacs. This can be caused by various factors such as blockage of the airways or compression of the lung tissue. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the pleura, the lining around the lungs. Pleural effusion (B) is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. Pneumothorax (D) is the presence of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. Atelectasis specifically describes the collapse of the lung itself, making it the correct choice.
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For which client(s) would you assign the nursing care to the new RN under your supervision? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. A 38-year-old client with moderate persistent asthma awaiting discharge
- B. A 63-year-old client with tracheostomy needing trach care every shift
- C. A 56-year-old client with lung cancer just returned from left lower lobectomy
- D. A 49-year-old new admission client with new diagnosis of esophageal cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer includes A and D. Assigning care for clients with moderate persistent asthma (A) and a new diagnosis of esophageal cancer (D) is appropriate for a new RN under supervision. Clients requiring tracheostomy care (B) or post-lobectomy recovery (C) involve complex care unsuitable for a new RN.
Which class of drugs often inhibits carbonic anhydrase and is used for certain medical conditions?
- A. Antibiotics
- B. Antihistamines
- C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- D. Antidepressants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These drugs inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which plays a role in various physiological processes. They are used to treat conditions such as glaucoma, epilepsy, and altitude sickness. Antibiotics (A) target bacterial infections, antihistamines (B) relieve allergy symptoms, and antidepressants (D) treat depression, making them unrelated to carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
Hemoglobin affinity for Oxygen is to the P50 (O2 tension that produces 50% saturation of Hb)
- A. Directly related
- B. Inversely related
- C. Not related
- D. Related
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is inversely related to P50. When P50 is lower, hemoglobin has higher affinity for oxygen, meaning it binds oxygen more readily at lower oxygen tensions. Conversely, when P50 is higher, hemoglobin has lower affinity for oxygen. This relationship is crucial for the efficient loading and unloading of oxygen in tissues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is not directly related, unrelated, or simply related to P50.
Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles has what effect on respiratory rate, elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and arterial PCO2?
- A. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
PCO2 - B. increased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
PCO2 - C. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
PCO2 - D. decreased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
PCO2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles would decrease respiratory rate, leading to decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli. This would cause an increase in arterial PCO2 due to less CO2 being removed from the body. Therefore, choice D is correct.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the physiological effects of inhibiting the medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles. Option A suggests an increase in respiratory rate and elimination of CO2, which goes against the expected decrease in these parameters. Option B proposes an increase in respiratory rate but a decrease in CO2 elimination and arterial PCO2, which is inconsistent with the expected outcomes. Option C suggests an increase in respiratory rate and CO2 elimination but a decrease in arterial PCO2, which does not follow the logic of the question.
The pulmonary ventilation rate for someone with tidal volume of 500 mL and a respiration rate of 14 bpm is:
- A. 6,000 L/min
- B. 6 L/min
- C. 7 L/min
- D. 4.2 L/min
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To calculate pulmonary ventilation rate, multiply tidal volume by respiration rate. In this case, 500 mL * 14 bpm = 7,000 mL/min. Converting to liters, it's 7 L/min. Choice A is incorrect as it miscalculates the conversion from mL to L, B is incorrect due to incorrect calculation, and D is incorrect as it's not the accurate result of the multiplication.