Nokea
A man‘s blood type is AB and he requires a blood transfusion. To prevent complications of blood incompatibilities, which blood type may the client receive?
- A. Type A or B blood only
- B. Type O blood only
- C. Type AB blood only
- D. Either type A, B, AB, or O blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As the man's blood type is AB, he can only receive blood from donors with type AB blood. This is because individuals with type AB blood are universal recipients, meaning they can safely receive blood from any blood type without risking complications. Blood types A, B, and O all contain antigens that could cause a reaction if transfused into someone with type AB blood. Therefore, to prevent any complications of blood incompatibility, the client in this case should only receive blood with type AB.
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The parents of a newborn who has just died decide they want to hold their deceased infant. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Explain gently that this is no longer possible.
- B. Encourage parents to accept the loss of their newborn.
- C. Offer to take a photograph of their newborn because they cannot hold newborn.
- D. Get the newborn, wrap in a blanket, and rewarm in a radiant warmer so parents can hold their deceased infant.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention in this situation would be to get the newborn, wrap in a blanket, and rewarm in a radiant warmer so parents can hold their deceased infant. This is known as a "cold cuddle" technique, where the infant is gently rewarmed for a short period of time to allow the parents to hold and say goodbye to their baby. This practice has been shown to help parents in the grieving process and is a compassionate way to support them during this difficult time. It allows the parents to have a physical connection with their child and provides them with some closure and the opportunity to create lasting memories.
A 16-year-old discusses his recent diagnosis of lupus with the nurse. Which statement best describes adolescent thinking regarding the future?
- A. Adolescents are preoccupied with the present.
- B. Adolescents are beginning to think abstractly and consider future possibilities.
- C. Adolescents think only in concrete terms.
- D. Adolescents are overly concerned with past events.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During adolescence, abstract thinking develops, allowing teens to envision future possibilities.
A client is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. The physician begins the client on cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12), 100mcg IM daily. Which substance influences Vitamin B12 absorption?
- A. Intrinsic factor
- B. Histamine
- C. Hydrochloric acid
- D. Liver enzyme
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 absorption is significantly impaired, leading to conditions like pernicious anemia, which is a type of megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. By administering cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12) intramuscularly, the need for intrinsic factor in the absorption process is bypassed, which is necessary in cases where intrinsic factor production or function is disrupted.
Which manifestation suggests that an infant is developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?
- A. Faster absorption of orogastric feedings.
- B. Bloody diarrhea.
- C. Increased bowel sounds.
- D. Hunger before feeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bloody diarrhea is a key sign of NEC, indicating intestinal injury.
Hepatoblastoma is a neoplasm of undifferentiated precursors of hepatocytes. It is of different histological classification; which type predict the MOST favorable outcome?
- A. mixed type of pure epithelial and mesenchymal elements
- B. type of pure epithelial histology
- C. type of mixed fetal and embryonal histology
- D. type of undifferentiated histology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pure epithelial histology, particularly fetal type, is associated with the best prognosis.