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A manager is prioritizing the following issues. Of the following issues, which should be considered urgent and important?
- A. The manager of physical therapy calls and complains about inappropriate behaviors of one of the staff nurses with one of his therapists.
- B. A staff nurse reports a pattern of malfunctioning IV pumps on the unit during her current shift, resulting in overdosing of medications.
- C. One of the staff nurses, who would have been an extra nurse for the next shift, calls in sick.
- D. A small group of staff nurses request a meeting to discuss initiating a scheduling committee.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it involves patient safety. Malfunctioning IV pumps leading to medication overdosing can result in serious harm to patients. This issue requires immediate attention to prevent any further harm.
A: Inappropriate behaviors, while concerning, do not pose an immediate threat to patient safety.
C: A nurse calling in sick, though inconvenient, can be managed through staffing adjustments and contingency plans.
D: Scheduling committee discussions are important but can be scheduled at a later time without immediate harm to patients.
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Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention activity?
- A. Blood pressure screening
- B. Administering medications
- C. Developing a care plan
- D. Providing rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases early to prevent complications.
2. Blood pressure screening helps identify individuals at risk for hypertension-related issues.
3. Early detection through screening allows for timely interventions to prevent further health problems.
4. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are tertiary prevention activities focused on managing existing conditions rather than early detection.
Summary:
Blood pressure screening is the correct example of a secondary prevention activity as it focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health issues. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are not considered secondary prevention activities as they are more related to managing existing conditions.
In our culturally diverse society, barriers to health care result from:
- A. Prejudice
- B. Different socioeconomic status
- C. Differences in language
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Prejudice can lead to discrimination in healthcare access. Different socioeconomic status can limit affordability of healthcare services. Differences in language can hinder effective communication and understanding of healthcare information. All three factors contribute to barriers in healthcare access, affecting individuals from diverse backgrounds. By selecting D, we acknowledge the multifaceted nature of barriers to healthcare in a culturally diverse society.
A 32-year-old patient with diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage?
- A. Lispro (Humalog)
- B. Glargine (Lantus)
- C. Detemir (Levemir)
- D. NPH (Humulin N)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lispro (Humalog). Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that is ideal for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy because it mimics the body's natural insulin response after a meal, providing quick and effective blood sugar control. Lispro has a rapid onset of action, peaks quickly, and has a shorter duration of action compared to other types of insulin. This makes it suitable for covering the rise in blood sugar levels that occurs after meals.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
C: Detemir (Levemir) is an intermediate-acting insulin used for basal coverage, not for mealtime coverage.
D: NPH (Humulin N) is an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset and longer duration of action, making it less suitable for mealtime coverage in intensive insulin therapy.
What is the primary focus of the Triple Aim in healthcare?
- A. Improving patient experience
- B. Reducing healthcare costs
- C. Improving population health
- D. Ensuring regulatory compliance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary focus of the Triple Aim in healthcare is to improve patient experience, which encompasses quality, safety, and satisfaction. This approach aims to enhance care delivery, promote patient-centeredness, and optimize outcomes. Reducing healthcare costs and improving population health are important aspects but are secondary to enhancing the patient experience. Ensuring regulatory compliance is crucial but not the primary objective of the Triple Aim framework. Thus, choice A is correct as it aligns with the core principle of prioritizing the needs and preferences of patients for better overall healthcare outcomes.
Which of the following is a key principle of team nursing?
- A. Decentralized decision making
- B. Centralized decision making
- C. Individual accountability
- D. Shared responsibility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shared responsibility. In team nursing, all team members share responsibility for patient care, promoting collaboration and teamwork. This principle ensures that each team member contributes to decision-making and patient outcomes.
A: Decentralized decision making is not a key principle of team nursing as it involves individual team members making decisions independently, which can lead to lack of coordination.
B: Centralized decision making is also not a key principle of team nursing as it involves decision-making being controlled by a single authority, undermining the collaborative nature of team nursing.
C: Individual accountability is important in team nursing, but it is not the key principle. Shared responsibility emphasizes collective accountability and collaboration among team members.