Nokea
A member of an investigational drug study team is working with healthy volunteers whose participation will help to determine the optimal dosage range and pharmacokinetics of the drug. The team member is participating in what type of study?
- A. Phase I
- B. Phase II
- C. Phase III
- D. Phase IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phase I studies involve small numbers of healthy volunteers to determine optimal dosage range and the pharmacokinetics of the drug. The other phases progressively involve volunteers who have the disease or ailment that the drug is designed to diagnose or treat.
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The nurse is performing an admission assessment. Which findings reflect components of a cultural assessment?
- A. The patient uses aspirin as needed for pain.
- B. The patient has a history of hypertension.
- C. The patient uses herbal tea to relax in the evenings.
- D. The patient does not speak English.
- E. The patient is allergic to shellfish.
- F. The patient does not eat pork products because of religious beliefs.
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: The past use of medicines, use of herbal treatments, languages spoken, and religious practices and beliefs are components of a cultural assessment. The other options reflect components of a general medication assessment or health history.
During a busy night shift, a new nurse administered an unfamiliar medication without checking it in a drug handbook. Later that day, the patient had a severe reaction because he has renal problems, which was a contraindindation to that drug. The nurse may be liable for which of these?
- A. Medical negligence
- B. Nursing negligence
- C. Nonmaleficeence
- D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Negligence is the failure to act in a reasonable and prudent manner or failure of the nurse to give the care that a reasonably prudent (cautious) nurse would render or use under similar circumstances. Nurses are expected to assess patients thoroughly before medications are given, and to be familiar with medications they are administering. In this case, nursing negligence applies to nurses, not medical negligence. Nonmaleficence is defined as the duty to do no harm, autonomy is defined as the right to make one's own decisions, or self-determination.
A patient has been selected as a potential recipient of an experimental drug for multiple sclerosis. The nurse knows that when informed consent has been obtained, it indicates which of these?
- A. The patient has been informed that he or she will need to stay in the study until it ends.
- B. The patient will be informed of the details of the study as the research continues.
- C. The patient will receive the actual drug during the experiment.
- D. The patient has had the study's purpose, procedures, and possible benefits as well as risks involved explained to him.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent involves the careful explanation of the purpose of the study, the procedures to be used, and the risks involved. The other options do not describe informed consent. Participation in studies is voluntary and patients have the right to end participation at any time.
During discharge patient teaching, the nurse reviews prescriptions with a patient. Which statement is correct about refills for an analgesic that is classified as Schedule C-III?
- A. No prescription refills are permitted.
- B. Refills are allowed only by written prescription.
- C. The patient may have no more than five refills in a 6-month period.
- D. Written prescriptions expire in 12 months.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Schedule C-III medications may be refilled no more than five times in a 6-month period. The patient should be informed of this regulation. No prescription refills are permitted for Schedule C-II drugs. Requiring refills by written prescription only applies to Schedule C-II drugs. Schedule C-III prescriptions (written or oral) expire in 6 months.
For which cultural group must the health care provider respect the value placed on preserving harmony with nature and the belief that disease is a result of ill spirits?
- A. Hispanics
- B. Asian Americans
- C. Native Americans
- D. African Americans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Some Native Americans believe in preserving harmony with nature and that disease is a result of ill spirits. The groups listed in the other options do not typically reflect these practices.