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The nurse is reviewing the concept of drug polymorphism. Which factors contribute to drug polymorphism?
- A. The number of drugs ordered by the physician
- B. Inherited factors
- C. The patient's diet and nutritional status
- D. Different dosage forms of the same drug
- E. The patient's cultural practices
- F. The patient's drug history
- G. The various available forms of a drug
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Inherited factors, diet and nutritional status, and cultural practices are some of the factors that contribute to drug polymorphism. The other options are not factors that contribute to drug polymorphism.
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A patient is undergoing major surgery and asks the nurse about a living will. He states, -I don't want anybody else making decisions for me. And I don't want to prolong my life. I The patient is demonstrating which ethical term?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Beneficeence
- C. Justice
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autonomy includes self-determination, or the ability to act on one's own, including making one's own decisions about health care. Veracity is defined as the duty to tell the truth. Justice is the ethical principle of being fair or equal in one's actions. Beneficeence is the ethical principle of doing or actively promoting good.
The nurse is assessing an elderly Hispanic woman who is being treated for hypertension. During the assessment, what is important for the nurse to remember about cultural aspects?
- A. The patient should be discouraged from using folk remedies and rituals.
- B. The nurse will expect the patient to value protective bracelets and -root doctorsl as healers.
- C. The nurse will remember that the balance among body, mind, and environment is important for this patient's health beliefs.
- D. The nurse's assessment needs to include gathering information regarding religious practices and beliefs regarding medication, treatment, and healing.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All beliefs need to be considered clearly so as to prevent a conflict from arising between the goals of nursing and health care and the dictates of a patient's cultural background. Assessing religious practices and beliefs is part of a thorough cultural assessment. The other options are incorrect. The nurse should not ignore a patient's cultural practices. The concept of balance among body, mind, and environment and the valuing of protective bracelets and root doctors reflect beliefs or practices that usually do not apply to the Hispanic cultural group.
During discharge patient teaching, the nurse reviews prescriptions with a patient. Which statement is correct about refills for an analgesic that is classified as Schedule C-III?
- A. No prescription refills are permitted.
- B. Refills are allowed only by written prescription.
- C. The patient may have no more than five refills in a 6-month period.
- D. Written prescriptions expire in 12 months.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Schedule C-III medications may be refilled no more than five times in a 6-month period. The patient should be informed of this regulation. No prescription refills are permitted for Schedule C-II drugs. Requiring refills by written prescription only applies to Schedule C-II drugs. Schedule C-III prescriptions (written or oral) expire in 6 months.
During the development of a new drug, which would be included in the study by the researcher to prevent any bias or unrealistic expectations of the new drug's usefulness?
- A. A placebo
- B. FDA approval
- C. Informed consent
- D. Safety information
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To prevent bias that may occur as a result of unrealistic expectations of an investigational new drug, a placebo is incorporated into the study. The other options are incorrect. FDA approval, if given, does not occur until after phase III. Informed consent is required in all drug studies. Safety information is not determined until the study is under way.
When reviewing the various schedules of controlled drugs, the nurse knows that which description correctly planting describes Schedule II drugs?
- A. Drugs with high potential for abuse that have accepted medical use
- B. Drugs with high potential for abuse that do not have accepted medical use
- C. Medically accepted drugs that may cause moderate physical or psychologic dependence
- D. Medically accepted drugs with limited potential for causing physical or psychologic dependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Schedule II drugs are those with high potential for abuse but that have accepted medical use. Drugs that have high potential for abuse but do not have accepted medical use are Schedule I drugs. Medically accepted drugs that have moderate physical or high psychologic dependence potential are Schedule III drugs. Medically accepted drugs with limited potential for causing physical or psychologic dependence are Schedule IV and V drugs.