Nokea
A method of comparing the benefit measured in terms of a social objective of a project with all cost of that project is known as
- A. cost benefit analysis
- B. cost effectiveness analysis
- C. cost utility analysis
- D. cost efficiency analysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cost effectiveness analysis measures benefits in terms of achieving social objectives.
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Once a case definition for an outbreak investigation has been established, it should not be changed.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Case definitions may need adjustment as new information becomes available during an investigation.
Temperature is......scale
- A. Ordinal scale
- B. Interval scale
- C. Ratio scale
- D. Nominal scale
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Temperature is measured on an interval scale because it has equal intervals but no true zero point.
How would you design an ecologic study to investigate the following problems? How might the ecologic fallacy come into play in each situation? a. lung disease and air pollution b. birth defects and hazardous waste c. cancer and radiation leakage from a power plant
- A. Ecologic fallacy arises when group-level findings incorrectly infer individual-level relationships.
- B. Ecologic studies cannot address causality.
- C. All ecologic studies suffer from severe biases.
- D. Ecologic studies are irrelevant for public health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ecologic studies analyze aggregated data, risking incorrect inferences about individuals (ecologic fallacy).
clustrom protein coagulates due to:
- A. albumin
- B. globulin
- C. fibrinogen
- D. prothrombin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fibrinogen is essential for blood clotting and coagulation processes.
The best measure of association to use for these data is a/an:
- A. Food-specific attack rate
- B. Odds ratio
- C. Rate ratio
- D. Risk ratio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Odds ratios are appropriate for case-control studies.