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A middle-aged female patient has been offered testing for HIV/AIDS upon admission to the hospital for an unrelated health problem. The nurse observes that the patient is visibly surprised and embarrassed by this offer. How should the nurse best respond?
- A. Most women with HIV dont know they have the disease. If you have it, its important we catch it early.
- B. This testing is offered to every adolescent and adult regardless of their lifestyle, appearance or history.
- C. The rationale for this testing is so that you can begin treatment as soon as testing comes back, if its positive.
- D. Youre being offered this testing because you are actually in the prime demographic for HIV infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B is the best response for the nurse to provide in this situation. By stating that the testing is offered to every adolescent and adult regardless of lifestyle, appearance, or history, the nurse conveys that HIV testing is a standard practice and not targeting the patient specifically. This can help reduce the patient's feeling of embarrassment or stigma associated with the offer of testing. It also emphasizes the importance of universal screening for HIV to promote early detection and treatment, regardless of risk factors or demographics. This response helps maintain the patient's dignity and encourages them to consider the testing in a non-judgmental way.
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The public health nurse is presenting a health-promotion class to a group at a local community center. Which intervention most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America?
- A. Monthly self-breast exams
- B. Smoking cessation
- C. Annual colonoscopies
- D. Monthly testicular exams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking cessation most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America, which is lung cancer. Tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, is the primary cause of lung cancer. By helping individuals quit smoking, the public health nurse is targeting the main risk factor for lung cancer and therefore addressing the root cause of the issue. This intervention has the potential to have a significant impact on reducing cancer-related deaths in the community. Monthly self-breast exams, annual colonoscopies, and monthly testicular exams are important for detecting breast, colon, and testicular cancers respectively, but they do not directly address the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America.
A nurse is teaching a group of women about the potential benefits of breast self-examination (BSE). The nurse should teach the women that effective BSE is dependent on what factor?
- A. Womens knowledge of how their breasts normally look and feel
- B. The rapport that exists between the woman and her primary care provider
- C. Synchronizing womens routines around BSE with the performance of mammograms
- D. Womens knowledge of the pathophysiology of breast cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effective breast self-examination (BSE) relies significantly on women's knowledge of their own breasts. Understanding how their breasts normally look and feel allows women to detect any changes such as lumps, dimpling, or discharge, which may be early signs of breast abnormalities like cancer. By being familiar with their breasts' normal appearance and texture, women can promptly seek medical attention if they notice any unusual changes. This self-awareness and familiarity with their breasts are crucial in enabling women to perform BSE effectively and to detect any potential issues early on.
To honor cultural values of patients from different ethnic/religious groups, which actions demonstrate culturally sensitive care by the nurse? (Select allthat apply.)
- A. Allows fasting on Yom Kippur for a Jewish patient
- B. Allows caffeine drinks for a Mormon patient
- C. Serves no ham products to a Muslim patient
- D. Serves kosher foods to a Christian patient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Allowing fasting on Yom Kippur for a Jewish patient demonstrates culturally sensitive care by respecting and accommodating the religious practices of the patient. Yom Kippur is an important day of fasting and repentance in the Jewish faith, and by allowing the patient to observe this practice, the nurse shows understanding and support.
A patient has informed the home health nurse that she has recently noticed distortions when she looks at the Amsler grid that she has mounted on her refrigerator. What is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Reassure the patient that this is an age-related change in vision.
- B. Arrange for the patient to have her visual acuity assessed.
- C. Arrange for the patient to be assessed for macular degeneration.
- D. Facilitate tonometry testing.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate action for the home health nurse to take in this situation where a patient reports distortions when looking at an Amsler grid is to arrange for the patient to be assessed for macular degeneration. Distortions in straight lines on an Amsler grid are a common early symptom of macular degeneration, a progressive eye condition that affects central vision. Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults, making assessment and early intervention crucial in preserving vision. It is important for the nurse to take the patient's symptoms seriously and facilitate timely evaluation and management to prevent further vision loss. This would involve referring the patient to an ophthalmologist or an eye care specialist for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has benefited from a cochlear implant. The nurse should understand that this patients health history likely includes which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. The patient was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss.
- B. The patients hearing did not improve appreciably with the use of hearing aids.
- C. The patient has deficits in peripheral nervous function.
- D. The patients hearing deficit is likely accompanied by a cognitive deficit. E) The patient is unable to lip-read.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. The patient was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss.