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A mother calls the pediatrician's office to report that her 18-month-old child has eaten half of a bottle of baby aspirin. She says 'I have a bottle of syrup of ipecac. Should I give it to him? He seems fine right now. What do I do?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Go ahead and give him the ipecac, and then call 911.
- B. Don't give him the ipecac. Call the Poison Control number immediately for instructions.
- C. Please come to the office right away so that we can check him.
- D. Go ahead and take him to the emergency room right now.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics no longer recommends the use of syrup of ipecac for home treatment for poisoning. In all cases of poisoning, if the victim is conscious and alert, call the local poison control center. If the victim has collapsed or stopped breathing, call 911 for emergency transport to a hospital.
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A patient with motion sickness is planning a cross-country car trip and has a new prescription for a scopolamine transdermal patch. The nurse provides teaching for the use of this patch medication. The patient shows a correct understanding of the teaching with which statement?
- A. I will change the patch every day.
- B. I will change the patch every other day.
- C. I will change the patch every 3 days.
- D. I will remove the patch only if it stops working.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Scopolamine patches are 72-hour doses and therefore are changed every 3 days.
A woman who is in the first trimester of pregnancy has been experiencing severe morning sickness. She asks, 'I've heard that ginger tablets may be a natural way to ease the nausea and vomiting. Is it okay to try them?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. They are a safe and natural remedy for nausea when you are pregnant.
- B. Go ahead and try them, but stop taking them once the nausea is relieved.
- C. Some health care providers do not recommend ginger during pregnancy. Let's check with your provider.
- D. You will need to wait until after the first trimester to try them.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There is some anecdotal evidence that ginger may have abortifacient properties, and for this reason some providers do not recommend its use during pregnancy.
An adult patient is about to receive intravenous (IV) ondansetron during a chemotherapy treatment. A dose of 0.15 mg/kg IV 30 minutes before chemotherapy is ordered. The patient weighs 165 pounds. The medication is supplied in a vial marked 2 mg/mL for IV administration. Identify how many milliliters the nurse will administer for this dose. (Record answer to one decimal place.)
Correct Answer: 5.7 mL
Rationale: Convert pounds to kilograms: 165 ?· 2.2 = 75 kg. Calculate milligrams per dose: 0.15 mg/kg ?? 75 kg = 11.25 mg, rounded to 11.3 mg/dose. Calculate milliliters to be given: 2 mg:1 mL::11.3 mg:x mL, (2 ?? x) = (1 ?? 11.3); 2x = 11.3, x = 5.65, which rounds to 5.7 mL.
A patient is taking chemotherapy with a drug that has a high potential for causing nausea and vomiting. The nurse is preparing to administer an antiemetic drug. Which class of antiemetic drugs is most commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting for patients receiving chemotherapy?
- A. Prokinetic drugs, such as metoclopramide
- B. Serotonin blockers, such as ondansetron
- C. Anticholinergic drugs, such as scopolamine
- D. Neuroleptic drugs, such as promethazine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serotonin blockers are used to prevent chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
A patient who has been newly diagnosed with vertigo will be taking an antihistamine antiemetic drug. The nurse will include which information when teaching the patient about this drug?
- A. The patient may skip doses if the patient is feeling well.
- B. The patient will need to avoid driving because of possible drowsiness.
- C. The patient may experience occasional problems with taste.
- D. It is safe to take the medication with a glass of wine in the evening to help settle the stomach.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drowsiness may occur because of central nervous system (CNS) depression, and patients should avoid driving or working with heavy machinery because of possible sedation. These drugs must not be taken with alcohol or other CNS depressants because of possible additive depressant effects. The medication should be taken as instructed and not skipped unless instructed to do so.