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A mother of a term neonate asks what the thick, white, cheesy coating is on his skin. Which correctly describes this finding?
- A. Lanugo
- B. Milia
- C. Nevus flammeus
- D. Vernix 6
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thick, white, cheesy coating on the skin of a newborn baby is called vernix caseosa. It is a substance produced by the fetal sebaceous glands and is meant to protect the baby's skin while in the amniotic fluid. Vernix helps to maintain the skin's hydration, provides a barrier against infection, and aids in the transition from the wet intrauterine environment to the dry extrauterine world. It is usually found on the skin of term newborns but can be present in preterm babies as well. As the baby is exposed to air and dries off, the vernix will naturally diminish.
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The child who can hop on one foot, copies circles, and brushes teeth without help has achieved the developmental age of
- A. 2 yr
- B. 3 yr
- C. 4 yr
- D. 5 yr
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These skills are typically developed by age 3.
A nurse is assessing a newborn infant who was born to a mother who is addicted to drugs. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to note during the assessment of this newborn?
- A. Sleepiness
- B. Cuddles when being held
- C. Lethargy
- D. Incessant crying
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Newborn infants born to mothers who are addicted to drugs are at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to drug withdrawal. Lethargy is a common finding in newborns with NAS. This is characterized by excessive sleepiness, decreased responsiveness, and lack of energy or enthusiasm for activities. Lethargy is often seen as a result of the withdrawal symptoms experienced by the newborn due to exposure to drugs in utero. It is important for the nurse to monitor the newborn closely for signs of withdrawal and provide appropriate care and interventions to manage NAS symptoms.
The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on renal ultrasounds. Which statement describes this diagnostic test?
- A. Computed tomography uses external radiation to visualize the renal system.
- B. Visualization of the renal system is accomplished without exposure to radiation or radioactive isotopes.
- C. Contrast medium and x-rays allow for visualization of the renal system.
- D. External radiation for x-ray films is used to visualize the renal system, before, during, and after voiding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the kidneys and surrounding structures. Unlike computed tomography (CT) scans (Choice A) or intravenous pyelograms (Choice C) which may involve exposure to radiation or contrast medium, renal ultrasounds do not expose the patient to radiation or radioactive isotopes, making it a safe option for imaging the renal system. Ultrasounds are commonly used to assess kidney size, detect kidney stones, evaluate blood flow to the kidneys, and diagnose various renal conditions, such as hydronephrosis or renal cysts.
Which of the following is a nurse patient care role in the preoperative phase?
- A. Obtaining preoperative orders
- B. Offering emotional support
- C. Explaining the surgical procedure
- D. Providing informed consent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the preoperative phase, one of the key roles of a nurse in patient care is to obtain preoperative orders. This involves ensuring that all necessary tests, medications, and procedures are in place before the surgery is performed. By obtaining preoperative orders, the nurse ensures that the patient is adequately prepared for the surgical procedure and that any potential risks or complications are minimized. This role requires attention to detail, clear communication with the healthcare team, and a thorough understanding of the patient's individual needs and medical history.
Assume you are going to estimate the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in a small country which harbors a total number of population of 530,000; you find that 57,000 of the population are infected by the disease. The prevalence of this disease is closest to
- A. 5.33%
- B. 7.45%
- C. 10.75%
- D. 20.22%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevalence = (Number of infected / Total population) * 100 = (57,000 / 530,000) * 100 ≈ 10.75%.