NCLEX RN Practice Questions Quizlet

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A new mother has some questions about phenylketonuria (PKU). Which of the following
statements made by a nurse is not correct regarding PKU?

  • A. A Guthrie test can check the necessary lab values.
  • B. The urine has a high concentration of phenylpyruvic acid
  • C. Mental deficits are often present with PKU
  • D. The effects of PKU are reversible
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disorder that increases the levels of phenylalanine (a
building block of proteins) in the blood. If PKU is not treated, phenylalanine can build up
to harmful levels in the body, causing intellectual disability and other serious health
problems. The signs and symptoms of PKU vary from mild to severe. The most severe form
of this disorder is known as classic PKU. Infants with classic PKU appear normal until they
are a few months old. Without treatment, these children develop a permanent intellectual
disability. Seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems, and psychiatric disorders
are also common. Untreated individuals may have a musty or mouse-like odor as a side
effect of excess phenylalanine in the body. Children with classic PKU tend to have lighter skin and hair than unaffected family members and are also likely to have skin disorders
such as eczema. The effects of PKU stay with the infant throughout their life (via Genetic
Home Reference).

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A 23-year-old patient in the 27th week of pregnancy has been hospitalized on complete bed rest for 6 days. She experiences sudden shortness of breath, accompanied by chest pain. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of her symptoms?

  • A. Myocardial infarction due to a history of atherosclerosis.
  • B. Pulmonary embolism due to deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  • C. Anxiety attacks due to worries about her baby's health.
  • D. Congestive heart failure due to fluid overload.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a hospitalized patient on prolonged bed rest, the most likely cause of sudden onset shortness of breath and chest pain is pulmonary embolism. Pregnancy and prolonged inactivity both increase the risk of clot formation in the deep veins of the legs, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. Myocardial infarction (Choice A) is less likely in a young patient without a significant history of atherosclerosis. Anxiety attacks (Choice C) may present with similar symptoms but are less likely in this context. Congestive heart failure (Choice D) is less probable given the acute onset of symptoms and absence of typical signs like peripheral edema in this case.

Which of the following is an example of intragroup conflict?

  • A. A nurse writes a grant for a non-profit organization to raise money for advertising
  • B. Members of a multidisciplinary team cannot agree on the best course of action for a client
  • C. A client does not receive his medication on time because the nurse was on break
  • D. A nurse feels frustrated that her employer does not provide on-site child care
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intragroup conflict refers to disagreements within a group. The correct answer, 'Members of a multidisciplinary team cannot agree on the best course of action for a client,' exemplifies this type of conflict well. In this scenario, professionals within the same team are unable to reach a consensus on how to proceed with client care. Choices A, C, and D do not reflect intragroup conflict. Writing a grant for a non-profit organization, a client not receiving medication due to a nurse's break, and a nurse feeling frustrated about the lack of on-site child care do not involve conflicts within a group of professionals.

While planning care for a toddler, the nurse teaches the parents about the expected developmental changes for this age. Which statement by the mother shows that she understands the child's developmental needs?

  • A. "I want to protect my child from any falls."?
  • B. "I will set limits on exploring the house."?
  • C. "I understand the need to use those new skills."?
  • D. "I intend to keep control over our child."?
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is: "I understand the need to use those new skills."? This response indicates that the mother recognizes the importance of allowing the toddler to practice and develop new skills, supporting autonomy and exploration. Setting limits, protecting from falls, and intending to keep control go against the toddler's developmental needs. Toddlers at this stage require opportunities to explore, practice new skills, and gain independence to foster healthy development.

A patient in the cardiac unit is concerned about the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Which of the following are hereditary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

  • A. Family history of heart disease
  • B. Overweight
  • C. Smoking
  • D. Age
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A family history of heart disease is an inherited risk factor for developing atherosclerosis. This factor is not modifiable through lifestyle changes. Studies have shown that having a first-degree relative with heart disease significantly increases the individual's risk of developing atherosclerosis. Overweight, smoking, and age are not hereditary risk factors for atherosclerosis. Overweight and smoking are lifestyle-related risk factors, while age is a non-modifiable risk factor that increases with time but is not directly inherited.

A patient in the cardiac unit is concerned about the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Which of the following are hereditary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

  • A. Family history of heart disease
  • B. Overweight
  • C. Smoking
  • D. Age
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A family history of heart disease is an inherited risk factor for developing atherosclerosis. This factor is not modifiable through lifestyle changes. Studies have shown that having a first-degree relative with heart disease significantly increases the individual's risk of developing atherosclerosis. Overweight, smoking, and age are not hereditary risk factors for atherosclerosis. Overweight and smoking are lifestyle-related risk factors, while age is a non-modifiable risk factor that increases with time but is not directly inherited.

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