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A new nurse researcher is interested in tracing the history of nursing research. The researcher learns that nursing research began with:
- A. the work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War.
- B. studies between 1900 and 1940 following Nightingale's work.
- C. studies to improve patient care by doctorally prepared nurses.
- D. studies based on the naturalistic paradigm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Florence Nightingale is widely recognized as the pioneer of modern nursing research. During the Crimean War, she collected and analyzed data on patient care outcomes, demonstrating the importance of evidence-based practice in nursing. This laid the foundation for the development of nursing research as a formal discipline.
Choice B is incorrect as nursing research did not start between 1900 and 1940, but rather with Nightingale's work. Choice C is incorrect because the focus of nursing research was not solely on doctorally prepared nurses but on improving patient care in general. Choice D is incorrect as the naturalistic paradigm is just one approach to research and not the starting point for nursing research.
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Registered nurses who are entering the workforce will have expanded leadership responsibilities that include: (select all that apply)
- A. serving on interdisciplinary care teams.
- B. being competent to work in several areas independently when dictated by patient census.
- C. attending a meeting to plan advanced training for unlicensed assistive personnel.
- D. evaluating outcomes of care that are reported to a standing committee.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: serving on interdisciplinary care teams. This is correct because as registered nurses enter the workforce, they are expected to collaborate with other healthcare professionals on interdisciplinary care teams to provide comprehensive patient care. This involves working together with professionals from different disciplines to ensure holistic and effective treatment plans.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Being competent to work in several areas independently when dictated by patient census - While nurses may need to be versatile, the emphasis on independent work in various areas does not necessarily reflect expanded leadership responsibilities.
C: Attending a meeting to plan advanced training for unlicensed assistive personnel - While important for team collaboration, attending meetings to plan training for support staff does not directly relate to expanded leadership responsibilities.
D: Evaluating outcomes of care that are reported to a standing committee - While evaluating outcomes is important, it may not specifically denote expanded leadership responsibilities compared to the collaborative nature of serving on interdisciplinary care teams.
When preparing the education section of a resume:
- A. list high school, followed by the first college attended.
- B. include all colleges attended, even if a degree was not awarded.
- C. omit the address of the university unless requested by the potential employer.
- D. list in reverse chronologic order the names, dates, and addresses of universities that awarded degrees.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because listing education in reverse chronological order helps emphasize recent and relevant qualifications first. It showcases academic progression and achievements. A is incorrect as high school is typically not included. B is incorrect as including all colleges, even without a degree, can clutter the resume. C is incorrect as omitting the university address may limit the employer's ability to verify information.
Time is becoming crucial for the nurse to address issues related to sponsoring programs to include hearing aid costs as part of Medicare coverage. The nurse involved in grassroots political actions realizes that the least timely method of reaching elected officials would be via:
- A. letter.
- B. telephone.
- C. e-mail.
- D. facsimile (fax).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: letter. Writing a physical letter and sending it through traditional mail is the least timely method of reaching elected officials. It takes longer for letters to be delivered and processed compared to other electronic forms of communication like telephone, email, and fax. Elected officials may not receive and respond to letters in a timely manner, especially when time is crucial. Telephone, email, and fax offer quicker and more direct communication, allowing for faster responses and action. Therefore, choosing to reach out to elected officials via a letter would be the least timely method in this scenario.
To ensure that nursing legislation is current and is reviewed by specific dates, if a nurse practice act fails to be reviewed, it is automatically rescinded under which law?
- A. Nurse review act
- B. Sunset legislation
- C. Mandatory revocation
- D. Grandfathering
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunset legislation. Sunset legislation mandates that laws, including nurse practice acts, must be reviewed periodically to determine if they are still needed. If a nurse practice act is not reviewed by the specified date, it is automatically rescinded. This process ensures that laws are current and relevant.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Nurse review act - There is no specific law called the Nurse review act that pertains to the automatic rescinding of nurse practice acts.
C: Mandatory revocation - This choice does not align with the process of automatic rescinding based on a failure to review.
D: Grandfathering - Grandfathering refers to exempting individuals from new regulations based on previous circumstances, not the automatic rescinding of laws.
Health care professionals have been activated to respond to a disaster, and the registered nurse who is coordinating the effort realizes that: (select all that apply)
- A. in the event of a mass casualty incident, care is prioritized to those who have the greatest chance of surviving.
- B. communities should use their own resources first to attempt to stabilize and organize the response.
- C. state assistance occurs any time a disaster occurs, regardless of the community's resources.
- D. the emergency operating plan developed by one central agency rather than individual facilities should be put into operation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a mass casualty incident, triage principles dictate that care should be prioritized to those with the greatest chance of survival to maximize overall survival rates. This ensures that limited resources are used efficiently.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Using only community resources first may not be sufficient in a large-scale disaster and could delay the response, leading to unnecessary loss of life.
C: State assistance may not be automatically available in every disaster situation and is typically coordinated based on the severity and impact of the disaster.
D: Emergency operating plans should be tailored to individual facilities' needs and capabilities, as a one-size-fits-all approach may not be effective in all scenarios.