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During a search for the term informatics, when the nurse finds the domain ".edu," the site is affiliated with a(n):
- A. government agency.
- B. commercial site.
- C. educational institution
- D. Internet service provider.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: educational institution. ".edu" domain is reserved for educational institutions in the United States, indicating that the website is affiliated with an educational organization. Government agencies typically use ".gov" domain (A), commercial sites use ".com" domain (B), and Internet service providers use ".net" domain (D). Therefore, the presence of ".edu" in the domain indicates that the site is associated with an educational institution.
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In the triad of health care, which would be considered the third-party payer?
- A. Client
- B. Health care provider
- C. Insurance company
- D. Government agency that sets reimbursement rules for services
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insurance company. In the triad of health care, the third-party payer refers to an entity outside of the patient and health care provider that pays for the health care services. Insurance companies typically serve as third-party payers by covering a portion or all of the costs associated with medical treatments. The other choices (A, B, D) are not considered third-party payers in this context. Choice A refers to the client/patient receiving the health care services, choice B refers to the health care provider delivering the services, and choice D refers to a government agency that sets reimbursement rules but does not directly pay for the services rendered.
A nurse believes that humans use creativity and critical thinking to balance their connections with their surroundings. The nurse decides to conduct a study on the basis of this belief. Which nursing theory would be best for this study?
- A. Peplau's interpersonal relations as a nursing process: man as an organism that exists in an unstable equilibrium
- B. Roy's adaptation model: assistance with the adaptation to stressors to facilitate the integration process of the client
- C. Orem's self-care deficit model: self-care, self-care deficits, and nursing systems
- D. Rogers' science of unitary human beings: humans as energy fields that interact constantly with the environment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rogers' science of unitary human beings. This theory emphasizes the interconnectedness between humans and their environment as energy fields. Step 1: The nurse's belief that humans use creativity and critical thinking aligns with Rogers' theory of constant interaction with the environment through energy fields. Step 2: This theory views humans as holistic beings, emphasizing the balance and harmony between individuals and their surroundings. Step 3: Peplau's theory focuses more on interpersonal relations, Roy's on adaptation to stressors, and Orem's on self-care deficits, which are not directly related to the nurse's hypothesis. Therefore, Rogers' theory best fits the study's focus on the dynamic interaction between humans and their environment through creativity and critical thinking.
A patient's spouse was just diagnosed with lung cancer although there was no history of tobacco use. The spouse states, "I am so mad. How can you get cancer without smoking?" Which statement by the nurse represents empathy?
- A. "Research is identifying many risk factors for cancer besides smoking."
- B. "I understand how you could feel angry about the diagnosis."
- C. "He is still a good husband."
- D. "Why do you think he got cancer?"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates empathy by acknowledging and validating the spouse's feelings of anger. By stating, "I understand how you could feel angry about the diagnosis," the nurse shows compassion and understanding towards the spouse's emotional response. This response helps to build trust and rapport with the patient's spouse during a difficult time.
Choice A is incorrect as it focuses more on providing information rather than acknowledging the spouse's emotions. Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the spouse's feelings of anger and is not relevant to the situation. Choice D is incorrect as it comes across as confrontational and may make the spouse feel defensive.
As a patient's condition moves toward their impending death, which nursing intervention demonstrates how the focus of palliative care change?
- A. The patient is encouraged to discuss their spiritual needs.
- B. The patient is educated concerning the physical changes associated with the dying process.
- C. The patient's advance care plan is formulated and implemented.
- D. The patient's comfort needs are identified.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because as a patient approaches death, the focus of palliative care shifts towards providing comfort and symptom management to improve their quality of life. Identifying and addressing the patient's comfort needs becomes crucial in ensuring a peaceful and dignified end-of-life experience.
A: While discussing spiritual needs can be important, the primary focus shifts towards physical comfort in the final stages of life.
B: Educating the patient about physical changes is important, but it may not be the priority as the focus shifts towards comfort care.
C: Advance care planning is essential but may have already been addressed before the patient reaches the impending death stage.
Health care is one of the major stories in newspaper and television and a group of nurses are interested in how the economy impacts their nursing practice. The group critiques the relationship between contemporary economic trends and professional nursing practice and finds:
- A. the implementation of the DRG system led to the nursing shortage since cost of nursing care is not billed.
- B. nursing care is focused on technologically advanced acute care rather than preventive, patient-centered care.
- C. with pay for performance, nurses have a significant effect on the quality of patient outcomes by reducing errors and providing care based on best practices.
- D. economic issues have little or no impact on nursing practice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pay for performance initiatives incentivize nurses to improve patient outcomes by reducing errors and following best practices. This directly links economic incentives to nursing practice. Choice A is incorrect because the DRG system primarily affects hospital reimbursement, not nursing shortages. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the type of care, not the economic impact on nursing practice. Choice D is incorrect as economic factors like funding, resources, and reimbursement significantly influence nursing practice.