Nokea
A newly developed medication for pulmonary hypertension targets blood vessels in the lungs, but does not affect blood vessels in the liver. Which of the following is most likely true of this medication?
- A. It is a ligand that is specific for lung and liver blood-vessel receptors. but which is metabolized rapidly in the liver
- B. It is a ligand that is specific for blood-vessel receptors in the lung but not in the liver
- C. It is a receptor that is upregulated when oxygen tension in the lungs is low
- D. It is a receptor that is only expressed on blood vessels in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medication's specificity for lung blood vessels suggests it targets receptors unique to that tissue, not the liver.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Valproic Acid. The nurse should instruct the client that while taking this medication he will need to have which of the following laboratory tests completed periodically?
- A. Thrombocyte count
- B. Hematocrit
- C. Amylase
- D. Kidney function tests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproic acid requires monitoring of platelets for bleeding risk and liver function for hepatotoxicity.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about drug development in the United States in preparation for an exam. The students demonstrate understanding of this material when they identify testing of which of the following as one of the first steps?
- A. Small group of healthy volunteers
- B. People who have the disease
- C. Live animals
- D. Large numbers of patients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initially, drug testing begins with testing in an artificial environment such as a test tube, and then this testing is followed by testing on live animals. Next, clinical testing occurs with each phase involving a larger number of people. First, a small group of 20 to 100 healthy volunteers are tested; then testing is performed on people who have the disease or condition. Last, the drug is given to large numbers of patients in medical research centers.
The American Heart Association and the American Dietetic Association recommend a minimum daily fiber intake of for cardiovascular health:
- A. 10 mg/day
- B. 15 mg/day
- C. 20 mg/day
- D. 25 mg/day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 25 g/day of fiber is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk by lowering cholesterol and improving glucose control.
Which priority action should be implemented when hives are assessed on a patient started on a new medication?
- A. Notify physician of allergic reaction
- B. Notify physician of idiosyncratic reaction
- C. Notify physician of potential teratogenicity
- D. Notify physician of potential tolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hives indicate an allergic reaction (hypersensitivity), requiring immediate physician notification for management.
Patients whose total dose of prednisone will exceed 1 gram will most likely need a second prescription for:
- A. Metformin, a biguanide to prevent diabetes
- B. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor to prevent peptic ulcer disease
- C. Naproxen, an NSAID to treat joint pain
- D. Furosemide, a diuretic to treat fluid retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-dose prednisone risks ulcers, warranting omeprazole; diabetes or fluid are less immediate.