ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Related

Review ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation related questions and content

A newly graduated nurse is admitting a patient with a long history of emphysema. The new nurses preceptor is
going over the patients past lab reports with the new nurse. The nurse takes note that the patients PaCO2 has been
between 56 and 64 mm Hg for several months. The preceptor asks the new nurse why they will be cautious
administering oxygen. What is the new nurses best response?

  • A. The patients calcium will rise dramatically due to pituitary stimulation.
  • B. Oxygen will increase the patients intracranial pressure and create confusion.
  • C. Oxygen may cause the patient to hyperventilate and become acidotic.
  • D. Using oxygen may result in the patient developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using oxygen may result in the patient developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia. In patients with chronic emphysema, their respiratory drive is often triggered by low oxygen levels rather than high carbon dioxide levels. Administering supplemental oxygen can suppress their respiratory drive, leading to carbon dioxide retention (carbon dioxide narcosis) and worsening hypoxemia. This phenomenon is known as "hypoxic drive."

Choice A is incorrect because administering oxygen does not lead to a dramatic rise in calcium levels due to pituitary stimulation. Choice B is incorrect because administering oxygen does not typically increase intracranial pressure or cause confusion. Choice C is incorrect because administering oxygen does not directly cause hyperventilation and acidosis in this scenario.

You may also like to solve these questions

A nurse is caring for a client with a peripheral vascular access device who is experiencing pain, redness, and swelling at the site. After removing the device, which action should the nurse take to relieve pain?

  • A. Administer topical lidocaine to the site.
  • B. Place warm compresses on the site.
  • C. . Administer prescribed oral pain medication.
  • D. Massage the site with scented oils.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place warm compresses on the site. Warm compresses can help increase blood flow, reduce pain, and promote healing at the site of inflammation. The warmth can help dilate blood vessels, increasing circulation to the area and promoting the removal of inflammatory substances. This can help alleviate pain and reduce swelling. Administering topical lidocaine (choice A) may not address the underlying cause of pain and redness. Administering oral pain medication (choice C) may be necessary for severe pain but may not directly address the local inflammation. Massaging the site with scented oils (choice D) can potentially introduce more irritants and should be avoided in cases of inflammation.

You are caring for a patient who is being treated on the oncology unit with a diagnosis of lung cancer with bone
metastases. During your assessment, you note the patient complains of a new onset of weakness with abdominal pain.
Further assessment suggests that the patient likely has a fluid volume deficit. You should recognize that this patient
may be experiencing what electrolyte imbalance?

  • A. Hypernatremia
  • B. Hypomagnesemia
  • C. Hypophosphatemia
  • D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypercalcemia. Bone metastases in lung cancer can lead to increased release of calcium into the blood, causing hypercalcemia. The patient's symptoms of weakness and abdominal pain are consistent with hypercalcemia. Hypernatremia (choice A) is unlikely as the symptoms do not align with high sodium levels. Hypomagnesemia (choice B) and hypophosphatemia (choice C) are less likely as they are not typically associated with bone metastases in lung cancer. In summary, the patient's presentation of weakness and abdominal pain in the setting of lung cancer with bone metastases points to hypercalcemia as the most likely electrolyte imbalance.

You are the nurse caring for a 77-year-old male patient who has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You
and your colleague note that the patients labs indicate minimally elevated serum creatinine levels, which your
colleague dismisses. What can this increase in creatinine indicate in older adults?

  • A. Substantially reduced renal function
  • B. Acute kidney injury
  • C. Decreased cardiac output
  • D. ) Alterations in ratio of body fluids to muscle mass
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Substantially reduced renal function. In older adults, elevated serum creatinine levels can indicate impaired kidney function, as the kidneys may not filter waste products as efficiently. This can lead to a buildup of creatinine in the blood. Acute kidney injury (Choice B) is a sudden decline in kidney function and would typically present with a more significant increase in creatinine levels. Decreased cardiac output (Choice C) would not directly cause elevated creatinine levels. Alterations in the ratio of body fluids to muscle mass (Choice D) would not be a common cause of elevated creatinine levels in this scenario.

A nurse assesses a client who was started on intraperitoneal therapy 5 days ago. The client reports abdominal pain and feeling warm. For which complication of this therapy should the nurse assess this client?

  • A. Allergic reaction
  • B. Bowel obstruction
  • C. Catheter lumen occlusion
  • D. Infection
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, infection. The client's symptoms of abdominal pain and feeling warm are indicative of a potential infection, which is a common complication of intraperitoneal therapy. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Abdominal pain can be a sign of peritonitis, an infection of the peritoneal cavity. 2. Feeling warm may indicate a fever, a common symptom of infection. 3. Prompt assessment and treatment of infection are crucial to prevent complications. Summary of other choices: A, allergic reaction - unlikely given the symptoms described; B, bowel obstruction - does not align with the symptoms provided; C, catheter lumen occlusion - not typically associated with abdominal pain and feeling warm.

You are making initial shift assessments on your patients. While assessing one patients peripheral IV site, you note edema around the insertion site. How should you document this complication related to IV therapy?

  • A. Air emboli
  • B. Phlebitis
  • C. Infiltration
  • D. Fluid overload
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Infiltration

Rationale:
1. Infiltration occurs when IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissues, causing edema.
2. Documenting infiltration is important for appropriate management.
3. Air emboli, phlebitis, and fluid overload are unrelated to edema around IV site.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Air emboli: This is a serious condition caused by air entering the bloodstream, not related to edema.
B. Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein, usually presenting with redness and pain, not edema.
D. Fluid overload: Excess fluid volume in the body, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, not edema.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.