Nokea
A newly pregnant patient is being assessed in an obstetric clinic. The patient states that she has been experiencing intense abdominal pain and the nurse anticipates that the patient will be assessed for ectopic pregnancy. In addition to ultrasonography, what diagnostic test should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Computed tomography
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) testing
- C. Estrogen and progesterone testing
- D. Abdominal x-ray
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If an ectopic pregnancy is suspected, the patient is assessed using ultrasound and hCG testing, which can confirm pregnancy location and viability. CT and x-rays are contraindicated during pregnancy due to radiation risks, and estrogen/progesterone levels are not diagnostic for ectopic pregnancy.
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A nurse presenting an educational event for a local community group is addressing premenstrual syndrome (PMS). What treatment guideline should the nurse teach this group?
- A. Avoid excessive fluid intake.
- B. Increase the frequency and intensity of exercise.
- C. Limit psychosocial stressors in order to reduce symptoms.
- D. Take opioid analgesics as ordered.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In general, the patient is encouraged to increase or initiate an exercise program to help relieve symptoms of PMS. Increased fluid intake is recommended, not avoidance. Opioids are not used to treat PMS, and while stress reduction has general benefits, it is not specifically noted to alleviate PMS symptoms.
A 15-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother to see her primary care provider. The mother states that her daughter has not started to develop sexually. The physical examination shows that the patient has no indication of secondary sexual characteristics. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect?
- A. Primary amenorrhea
- B. Dyspareunia
- C. Vaginal atrophy
- D. Secondary dysmenorrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary amenorrhea is suspected when a young woman over 14 years has not begun menstruating and shows no secondary sexual characteristics, as described. Dyspareunia is painful intercourse, vaginal atrophy is unrelated to puberty onset, and secondary dysmenorrhea involves painful periods due to pathology, none of which fit the scenario.
The nurse is taking the sexual history of an adolescent who has come into the free clinic. What question best assesses the patients need for further information?
- A. Are you involved in an intimate relationship at this time?
- B. How many patients are you asking this of?
- C. What questions or concerns do you have about your sexual health?
- D. Have you ever been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An open-ended question related to the patient's need for further information should be included while obtaining a sexual history. This approach encourages the patient to express specific concerns or areas of uncertainty, facilitating targeted education. The other listed questions are not open-ended and do not directly assess the need for further information.
The nurse is assessing a patient who believes that she has recently begun menopause. What principle should inform the nurses interactions with this patient?
- A. The nurse should express empathy for the patients difficult health situation.
- B. The nurse should begin by assuring the patient that her health will be much better in a few years.
- C. The nurse must carefully assess the patients feelings and beliefs surrounding menopause.
- D. The nurse should encourage the patient to celebrate this life milestone and its accompanying benefits.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Women have widely varying views on menopause, and the nurse must assess the patient's feelings and beliefs to provide individualized care. Presuming a positive or negative view, or assuring future health improvements, risks misaligning with the patient's perspective.
The nurse is working with a patient who expects to begin menopause in the next few years. What educational topic should the nurse prioritize when caring for a healthy woman approaching menopause?
- A. Patient teaching and counseling regarding healthy lifestyles
- B. Referrals to local support groups
- C. Nutritional counseling regarding osteoporosis prevention
- D. Drug therapy options
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fostering healthy lifestyles through patient teaching and counseling is a priority, as it supports overall health and well-being during the menopausal transition. This encompasses specific topics like osteoporosis prevention, support groups, and drug therapy but is broader in scope.