Nokea
A nurse assesses clients for the risk of colorectal cancer. Which client has the highest risk for colorectal cancer?
- A. A 37-year-old who drinks eight cups of coffee daily
- B. A 60-year-old lawyer who works long hours
- C. A 45-year-old with irritable bowel syndrome
- D. A 70-year-old who eats a high-fat diet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Colorectal cancer is rare before the age of 40, but its incidence increases rapidly with advancing age. A high-fat diet also increases the risk for colorectal cancer. Coffee intake, IBS, and a heavy workload do not increase the risk.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse assessing a client with colorectal cancer auscultates high-pitched bowel sounds and notes visible peristaltic waves. Which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Ask if the client is experiencing pain in the right shoulder.
- B. Perform a rectal examination and assess for polyps.
- C. Contact the provider and recommend computed tomography.
- D. Administer a laxative to increase bowel movement activity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of visible peristaltic waves, accompanied by high-pitched or tingling bowel sounds, is indicative of a partial obstruction caused by the tumor. The nurse should contact the provider and recommend a computed tomography scan for further diagnostic testing.
A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed alosetron (Lotronex). Which assessment question should the nurse ask this client?
- A. Have you been experiencing any constipation?
- B. Are you eating a diet high in fiber and fluids?
- C. Do you have a history of high blood pressure?
- D. Have you noticed any changes in your vision?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Constipation is a life-threatening complication of alosetron. The nurse should assess the client for constipation. The other questions do not identify complications related to alosetron.
A nurse cares for a client who has been diagnosed with a small bowel obstruction. Which assessment findings should the nurse correlate with this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Serum potassium of 2.5 mEq/L
- B. Loss of 15 pounds without eating
- C. Abdominal pain in upper quadrants
- D. Low-pitched bowel sounds
- E. Serum sodium of 121 mEq/L
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Small bowel obstructions can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium and sodium, and upper quadrant pain due to obstruction. Weight loss and low-pitched bowel sounds are less specific.
A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy intravenously for the treatment of colon cancer. Which assessment finding should alert the nurse to contact the health care provider?
- A. White blood cell (WBC) count of 1500/mm3
- B. Fatigue
- C. Nausea and diarrhea
- D. Mucositis and oral ulcers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A WBC count of 1500/mm3 is significantly below the normal range (5000-10,000/mm3), indicating a high risk for infection. The provider should be notified immediately, as chemotherapy may need to be delayed.
A nurse cares for a client with colon cancer who has a new colostomy. The client states, 'I think it would be helpful to talk with someone who has had a similar experience.' How should the nurse respond?
- A. I have a good friend with a colostomy who would be willing to talk with you.
- B. I will make a referral to the United Ostomy Associations of America.
- C. I will arrange for a visit from an enterostomal therapist.
- D. I can talk with people who have colostomies, but many don't want to share their experiences.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should refer the client to a community-based resource like the United Ostomy Associations of America, where they can connect with others who have similar experiences.