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A nurse assesses that the task of development of affection for and from others has been met or is in the process of being met by an infant. Which of the following observations has the nurse made?
- A. The infant smiles at mirror images.
- B. The infant makes cooing noises.
- C. The infant begins to smile socially.
- D. The infant likes to be picked up.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infants who enjoy being picked up are displaying affection for others, which is an important developmental task.
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Which statement shows analysis-level cognition according to Bloom’s taxonomy?
- A. "If I eat too much food and do not exercise, I will gain weight."
- B. "Fat is more calorie-dense than protein. If I eat calorie-dense foods and do not do moderate exercise at least 5 days a week, I will gain weight."
- C. "I will walk briskly at least a mile a day, 6 days a week, to maintain a healthy weight."
- D. "I can eat more if I exercise more."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement demonstrates an understanding of the relationship between diet, exercise, and weight.
A client is scheduled to have open-heart surgery but has not been informed about potential complications. Which ethical concept has been ignored?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Informed consent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent ensures clients understand the risks and benefits of procedures before agreeing to them.
The school nurse is conducting an in-service program for teachers that discusses the development of elementary school children. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which of the following information would the nurse include?
- A. Use abstract thought to discuss a story
- B. Make moral decisions concerning right and wrong actions
- C. Listen to a peer’s point of view about a playground situation
- D. Be influenced by his or her friends
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Piaget's concrete operations stage (7-11 years) focuses on peer influence and understanding others' perspectives.
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents about the self-perception–self-concept pattern of a toddler. Which of the following statements would the nurse most likely make?
- A. “Temper tantrums are expected, so always give in to them.”
- B. “Put your toddler in time out if he has a temper tantrum.”
- C. “Childproof your home.”
- D. “Always provide your toddler with challenging toys.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Childproofing the home is essential for safety as toddlers explore their environment, often leading to risky behavior.
Which of the following statements about Gilligan’s theory of moral development is accurate?
- A. This theory is based on a sense of absolute right and wrong.
- B. This theory is gender specific.
- C. This theory is dependent on one’s stage of cognitive development.
- D. This theory is based on the premise that women view situations in terms of rules.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gilligan’s theory focuses on women's moral development, contrasting Kohlberg’s emphasis on justice and rules.