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A nurse assumes various roles while working with patients. Which of the following describes the nursing role of protecting the patient and supporting the patient's decisions? Which role involves protecting and supporting patient decisions?
- A. Advocate
- B. Manager
- C. Caregiver
- D. Educator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Advocate. Nurses act as advocates by protecting the patient's rights, ensuring their voice is heard, and supporting their decisions. Advocacy involves standing up for the patient's best interests and promoting autonomy. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Manager focuses on organizing and coordinating care, C: Caregiver involves providing direct physical and emotional care, and D: Educator focuses on providing information and teaching. Advocacy uniquely encompasses protecting and supporting the patient's decisions, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
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A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect? Which disorder should the nurse suspect in a 1-year-old?
- A. Intussusception.
- B. Wilms tumor.
- C. Pyloric stenosis.
- D. Nephritic syndrome.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wilms tumor. This is because Wilms tumor is a common childhood kidney cancer that typically presents in children aged 1-5 years. The nurse should suspect Wilms tumor in a 1-year-old child due to the age range of presentation. Intussusception (A) is more common in infants aged 3-12 months. Pyloric stenosis (C) typically presents in infants around 2-8 weeks old. Nephritic syndrome (D) is more common in older children. Therefore, based on the age group and common presentation, Wilms tumor is the most likely disorder to suspect in a 1-year-old child.
A nurse is educating a patient with binge eating disorder and morbid obesity who has been prescribed orlistat. Which of the following statements, if made by the patient, would indicate that they understand the teaching? Which statement indicates understanding of orlistat teaching?
- A. I will stop taking orlistat and call my doctor if my urine gets darker in color.
- B. I will take my dose of orlistat every morning an hour before breakfast.
- C. I will feel less hungry during meals while I am taking orlistat.
- D. I will eat a no-fat diet to prevent side effects from the medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will stop taking orlistat and call my doctor if my urine gets darker in color." This statement indicates understanding because dark urine could indicate a potentially serious side effect of orlistat, such as liver problems. Stopping the medication and seeking medical advice in such a situation is crucial for the patient's safety.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Taking orlistat with a meal containing fat is recommended, not on an empty stomach before breakfast.
C: Orlistat does not suppress appetite; it works by blocking the absorption of fat in the intestine.
D: While reducing fat intake is recommended to decrease side effects, a no-fat diet is not necessary and could lead to nutrient deficiencies.
E, F, G: No additional choices provided.
A nurse is instructing a patient who has been newly prescribed sumatriptan tablets for the treatment of migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for sumatriptan?
- A. Report any eyelid swelling after dosage.
- B. Repeat the dose in 1 hour if the headache persists.
- C. Take the medication daily to prevent headaches.
- D. Thoroughly chew the tablet before swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Repeat the dose in 1 hour if the headache persists. Sumatriptan is used to treat acute migraine attacks, and the patient should be instructed to take a second dose if the headache does not improve after the first dose. This is important because it helps ensure adequate relief of symptoms. Choices A and D are incorrect because eyelid swelling is not a common side effect of sumatriptan, and sumatriptan tablets should be swallowed whole without chewing. Choice C is incorrect because sumatriptan is not taken daily for headache prevention; it is used as needed for acute migraine attacks.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor? Which lab value should the nurse monitor for lisinopril?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Serum calcium
- C. Serum magnesium
- D. Serum chloride
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should monitor serum potassium levels because lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause potassium retention leading to hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can result in serious cardiac complications. Monitoring potassium levels allows timely intervention if levels become elevated. Serum calcium, magnesium, and chloride are not typically affected by lisinopril, making choices B, C, and D incorrect. The correct answer, A, is crucial for patient safety and reflects the physiological impact of lisinopril on potassium levels.
A nurse is reviewing information about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates a need for further teaching? Which statement indicates a need for HIPAA teaching?
- A. A patient's address would be an example of personally identifiable information.
- B. HIPAA is a federal law, not a state law.
- C. HIPAA established regulations of individually identifiable health information in verbal, electronic, or written form.
- D. Information about a client can be disclosed to family members at any time.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIPAA protects the confidentiality of a patient's health information and restricts disclosure to family members without the patient's consent. This ensures privacy and security. Choice A is correct as a patient's address is considered personally identifiable information. Choice B is correct as HIPAA is indeed a federal law. Choice C is correct as HIPAA covers health information in various forms. Choices E, F, and G are not relevant to the question.