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A nurse caring for an older adult living in a long-term care facility uses reminiscence to help the patient adapt to the changes of aging. The nurse uses which question to encourage reminiscence?
- A. Tell me about how you celebrated Christmas when you were young.
- B. Tell me how you plan to spend your time this weekend.
- C. Did you enjoy the choral group that performed here yesterday?
- D. Why don't you want to talk about your feelings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Use of life review or reminiscence encourages reflection on past experiences, helping older adults adapt to life circumstances. Asking about past celebrations, like Christmas, promotes reminiscence, while questions about recent events, future plans, or feelings are less likely to encourage this process.
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A nurse is caring for older adults in a senior adult day services (ADS) center. Which findings require follow up with the health care provider?
- A. Skin pigmentation caused by exposure to sun over the years
- B. Thin toenails with a bluish tint to the nail beds
- C. Using a walker while healing from a hip fracture related to brittle bones
- D. Bruising on forearms due to fragile blood vessels in the dermis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A bluish tint to the nail beds may indicate hypoxemia, which requires follow-up with a health care provider. Skin pigmentation from sun exposure, using a walker for a hip fracture, and bruising due to fragile blood vessels are common in aging and typically do not require immediate follow-up unless severe or accompanied by other symptoms.
A nurse providing health services for a community setting for people age 55 years and older considers health problems for these residents. Which of the following problems is most appropriate for many middle-aged adults?
- A. Adequate nutrition
- B. Mental health problems
- C. Abuse
- D. Caregiver role strain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many middle-aged adults help care for aging parents, leading to caregiver role strain due to 24-hour care responsibilities over extended periods. Nutritional issues are more common in childhood or older adulthood, while mental health problems and abuse can occur across age groups but are less specific to middle-aged adults.
A nursing student caring for older adults in a skilled nursing facility is completing an assignment identifying physical changes that are part of normal aging. What changes will the student include in this assignment? Select all that apply.
- A. Fatty tissue is redistributed.
- B. Skin is drier and wrinkles appear.
- C. Cardiac output increases.
- D. Muscle mass increases.
- E. Hormone production increases.
- F. Visual and hearing acuity diminishes.
Correct Answer: A,B,F
Rationale: Physical changes occurring with aging include redistribution of fatty tissue, drier skin with wrinkles, and diminished visual and hearing acuity. Cardiac output decreases, muscle mass decreases (sarcopenia), and hormone production decreases, causing menopause or andropause.
A nursing instructor teaching a gerontology class to nursing students discusses myths related to the aging of adults. Which statement will the students identify as a myth about older adults?
- A. Most older adults live in their own homes.
- B. Healthy older adults enjoy sexual activity.
- C. Aging results in mental deterioration.
- D. Older adults want to be attractive to others.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The myth that aging results in mental deterioration is incorrect, as intelligence does not normally decrease with aging, though response time may be slower. Most older adults do live in their own homes, healthy older adults enjoy sexual activity, and older adults often want to be attractive to others.
A nurse is helping to prepare a calendar for an older adult patient with cognitive impairment. Which type of cognitive impairment is non-reversible?
- A. Post-stroke speech issues
- B. Malnutrition
- C. Alzheimer's disease
- D. Loss of cardiac reserve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease causes progressive, irreversible cognitive impairment and is the most common degenerative neurologic illness. Post-stroke speech issues, malnutrition, and loss of cardiac reserve can often be managed or improved with therapeutic interventions.