Nokea
The roles of the testicle are:
- A. endocrine gland (to produce sperm cells);
- B. exocrine gland (to secrete androgenic hormones);
- C. spermatogenesis;
- D. generation of semen;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (C): The main function of the testicles is spermatogenesis, which is the process of producing sperm cells. This is a crucial role in male reproductive system. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Other functions like producing androgenic hormones (choice B) are mainly carried out by the Leydig cells in the testes, not the testicles themselves. While the testicles do play a role in semen production (choice D), this is not their primary function. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly relates to the main purpose of the testicles in the male reproductive system.
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Which of the following is a false description of the negative feedback loop involved in the production of testosterone?
- A. Follicl
- B. stimulating hormone (FSH) targets the testes of males.
- C. Rising levels of testosterone promote increased release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.
- D. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the hypothalamus; this hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is not directly involved in the negative feedback loop for testosterone production. The negative feedback loop for testosterone involves the hypothalamus releasing GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH), which then stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. Rising levels of testosterone inhibit the release of GnRH and LH through negative feedback to maintain hormonal balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they accurately describe components of the negative feedback loop for testosterone production.
The tiny female sex cell that unites with male sperm to form a zygote or fertilized egg.
- A. Ovary
- B. Ovum
- C. Gonad
- D. Gamets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ovum. The ovum is the mature female sex cell that unites with a male sperm during fertilization to form a zygote. Ovary (A) is the organ that produces eggs but is not the actual female sex cell. Gonad (C) is a general term for reproductive organs, not the specific female sex cell. Gametes (D) refer to both male and female sex cells, so it is a broad term and not the specific female sex cell. The ovum is the only choice that accurately represents the tiny female sex cell involved in fertilization.
An 18-yr-old female patient who has been admitted to the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash is scheduled for chest and abdominal x-rays. Which information may alter the plans for the x-rays?
- A. Report of abdominal pain
- B. Positive result of hCG test
- C. Blood pressure of 172/88 mm Hg
- D. Temperature of 102.1°F (38.9°
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Positive result of hCG test. This may indicate that the patient is pregnant, which would significantly alter the plans for the x-rays due to the potential harm to the fetus from radiation exposure.
A: Report of abdominal pain is a common symptom after a motor vehicle crash and would not directly alter the plans for x-rays.
C: Blood pressure of 172/88 mm Hg could indicate hypertension but would not directly impact the need for chest and abdominal x-rays.
D: Temperature of 102.1°F (38.9°C) could suggest an infection but would not typically change the necessity for x-rays.
Twisting of the spermatic cord results in a condition called
- A. Varicocele
- B. Hydrocele
- C. Cryptorchidism
- D. Testicular torsion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Testicular torsion. Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood flow to the testicle. This can lead to severe pain and require emergency treatment to prevent tissue damage. Varicocele (A) is the enlargement of veins within the scrotum. Hydrocele (B) is the accumulation of fluid around the testicle. Cryptorchidism (C) is the condition of undescended testicles. Testicular torsion is the only choice that directly involves twisting of the spermatic cord leading to a medical emergency.
Mastoid process is part of which bone?
- A. Temporal
- B. Mandible
- C. Maxilla
- D. Ethmoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Temporal. The mastoid process is a bony projection located on the temporal bone, which is situated behind the ear. It serves as an attachment site for various neck muscles. The temporal bone also houses important structures like the middle and inner ear components. The other choices, B: Mandible, C: Maxilla, and D: Ethmoid, are incorrect because the mastoid process is not located on these bones. The mandible is the jawbone, the maxilla forms the upper jaw, and the ethmoid bone is located in the skull's orbit and nasal cavity. Therefore, based on its anatomical location and function, the correct answer is A: Temporal.