Nokea
A nurse educator is discussing community mental health with a group of nursing students. Based on the public health model,which of the following statements made by one of the students indicates correct information about primary prevention?
- A. Services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within the population.
- B. Services aimed at reducing the residual defects that are associated with severe and persistent mental illness.
- C. Accomplished through early identification of problems and prompt initiation of effective treatment.
- D. Interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and directed toward reducing the prevalence and duration of the illness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Primary prevention focuses on reducing the incidence of mental disorders within the population by implementing strategies to prevent the development of mental health issues. This is achieved through promoting mental wellness, addressing risk factors, and enhancing protective factors in the community.
Choice B is incorrect as it refers to secondary prevention, which aims to reduce the residual defects associated with existing mental illness. Choice C describes early intervention, which is part of secondary prevention. Choice D is related to tertiary prevention, which involves minimizing symptoms and preventing complications of an existing illness. Overall, only choice A aligns with the concept of primary prevention in community mental health.
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The nurse is assessing a client and suspects the client is experiencing DIC. Which of the following physical findings should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Xerostomia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Epistaxis
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epistaxis. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a condition where the body's clotting system is overactive, leading to both excessive clot formation and clot breakdown. Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, is a common physical finding in DIC due to the depletion of clotting factors and platelets. Xerostomia (A) is dry mouth and not typically associated with DIC. Bradycardia (B) is a slow heart rate, which is not a common finding in DIC as it usually presents with tachycardia. Hypertension (D) is increased blood pressure, which is not a typical physical finding in DIC.
Which of the following factors increases a client's risk of experiencing a crisis?
- A. Stable employment
- B. Positive coping skills
- C. History of trauma
- D. Strong social support system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: History of trauma. A history of trauma increases a client's risk of experiencing a crisis due to unresolved emotional wounds, triggering distressing memories, and impacting their ability to cope effectively. Trauma can lead to heightened stress responses and exacerbate mental health issues, making individuals more vulnerable to crises.
Incorrect choices: A) Stable employment and D) Strong social support system are protective factors that reduce the risk of crises. B) Positive coping skills enhance resilience and help individuals manage stress effectively, decreasing crisis likelihood.
A nurse is caring for a client who is newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and reports dry eyes and sensitivity to light. The nurse notes that the client's eyes have a bulging appearance. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
- A. Exposure to sunlight will help to strengthen your eyes.
- B. These are unusual symptoms. I will ask the provider for an ophthalmology referral.
- C. Eye drops and dim lighting can improve your symptoms.
- D. Surgery will be necessary to correct the damage to your eyes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eye drops and dim lighting can improve your symptoms. In hyperthyroidism, the bulging appearance of the eyes, known as exophthalmos, can lead to dry eyes and sensitivity to light. Eye drops can help alleviate dryness, and dim lighting can reduce discomfort from light sensitivity. This intervention addresses the client's specific symptoms and promotes comfort.
Choice A is incorrect because sunlight exposure can exacerbate light sensitivity in clients with hyperthyroidism. Choice B is incorrect as it does not provide a direct intervention for the client's symptoms and delays addressing the discomfort. Choice D is incorrect because surgery is not typically the first-line treatment for eye symptoms in hyperthyroidism; conservative measures are usually tried first.
Administer heparin 1000 units per hour IV. The pharmacy supplies the heparin infusion as 25.000 units in 500 mL DSW. What will the IV pump be set to? (Include unit of measure with answer).
Correct Answer: 20
Rationale: To calculate the IV pump rate, first determine the number of units needed per mL: 25,000 units / 500 mL = 50 units per mL. Then, divide the prescribed rate of 1000 units per hour by the units per mL to get the pump setting: 1000 units / 50 units per mL = 20 mL per hour. Therefore, the correct answer is 20 mL/hour.
Incorrect choices:
A: Incorrect, doesn't follow the correct calculation method.
B: Incorrect, doesn't consider the units per mL.
C: Incorrect, doesn't involve the prescribed rate.
D: Incorrect, doesn't calculate the infusion rate.
E: Incorrect, lacks the necessary calculation steps.
F: Incorrect, doesn't relate to the given information.
G: Incorrect, doesn't follow the correct calculation process.
A nurse is caring for a child who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ritualistic behavior
- B. Short attention span
- C. Spinning a toy repetitively
- D. Consistent limit testing
- E. Delayed language development
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct findings for a child with autism spectrum disorder are A, B, C, and E. A: Ritualistic behavior is common in children with ASD due to their need for predictability and routine. B: Short attention span is often seen in children with ASD, affecting their ability to focus on tasks. C: Spinning a toy repetitively is a stereotypical behavior associated with ASD, serving as a self-soothing mechanism. E: Delayed language development is a hallmark feature of ASD, impacting communication skills. These findings align with the core characteristics of ASD. Choices D and beyond are incorrect as they do not typically align with common manifestations of ASD in children.