Nokea
A nurse goes to a high school to teach students about reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Which of the following is the best answer for providing information on the prevention of STIs?
- A. Have monogamous sex with an infected partner.
- B. Abstain from sexual activities.
- C. Wash any areas where there has been indirect contact with semen or vaginal mucus.
- D. Avoid protected sex until you and sexual partners have completed treatment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STIs.
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Which ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males?
- A. Fundiform ligament
- B. Broad ligament
- C. Suspensory ligament
- D. Ejaculatory ligament
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Suspensory ligament. This ligament arises from the pubic symphysis in males and supports the male reproductive organs. It helps suspend the penis and testes in the scrotum. The Fundiform ligament (A) supports the penis, the Broad ligament (B) supports the uterus, and the Ejaculatory ligament (D) is not a ligament associated with the pubic symphysis in males.
The outer serosal layer of the uterus is the _____.
- A. perimetrium
- B. cervix
- C. endometrium
- D. myometrium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: perimetrium. The perimetrium is the outer serosal layer of the uterus, providing protection and support. The other choices are incorrect: B. cervix is the lower portion of the uterus, C. endometrium is the inner lining where implantation occurs, and D. myometrium is the middle muscular layer of the uterus. The perimetrium is the outermost layer, making it the correct choice.
The end of the vas deferens is a dilated sac called the _____.
- A. ductus deferens
- B. seminal vesicle
- C. ampulla
- D. ejaculatory duct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ampulla. The ampulla is a dilated portion at the end of the vas deferens where it joins with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct. This structure serves as a storage and mixing area for sperm and seminal fluid before ejaculation. The other choices, A: ductus deferens, is another name for the vas deferens itself; B: seminal vesicle is a gland that produces seminal fluid but is not the dilated sac at the end of the vas deferens; D: ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle, it is not the dilated sac itself.
A 15 year old high school football player is in your clinic, c/o severe testicular pain since 8 am this morning. Denies sexual activity. Unable to urinate due to pain. He is nauseated and is vomiting. He is lying on the exam table, uncomfortably shifting his position. His BP is 150/100, pulse is 110, respirations are 24. There are no lesions on the penis and no discharge from the meatus. The scrotal skin is tense and red. Palpation of the left testicle causes severe pain and the patient begins to cry. Prostate exam is normal. His cremasteric reflex is absent on the left but is normal on the right. Urine sample (by catheter) is normal. You send him to the emergency room. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Acute orchitis
- B. Acute epididymitis
- C. Torsion of the spermatic cord
- D. Prostatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is torsion of the spermatic cord. This condition presents with sudden severe testicular pain, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, tachycardia, and absence of cremasteric reflex. The key findings include red, tense scrotal skin, severe pain on palpation, and crying. The absence of discharge and normal prostate exam rule out prostatitis. Acute orchitis typically presents with fever and urinary symptoms, which are absent here. Acute epididymitis usually presents with gradual onset and urinary symptoms. Torsion of the spermatic cord is a surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention to prevent testicular ischemia and necrosis.
The fecundated spermatozoon contains:
- A. 11 pairs of somatic chromosomes;
- B. 22 somatic chromosomes ;
- C. only the X sex chromosome;
- D. the X or Y sex chromosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the fecundated spermatozoon can contain either the X or Y sex chromosome, determining the genetic sex of the offspring. Spermatozoa are haploid cells, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. During fertilization, the spermatozoon fuses with the ovum, which also contains a single set of chromosomes, resulting in a diploid zygote with a complete set of chromosomes. Choices A and B are incorrect as somatic chromosomes refer to the non-reproductive cells in the body, not the chromosomes found in gametes. Choice C is incorrect because the spermatozoon can carry either the X or Y sex chromosome, not exclusively the X chromosome.