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A nurse has completed an assessment of a patient who is experiencing significant stress. The assessment revealed intense anger and acting out behaviors along with statements of negative emotions. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate?
- A. Disturbed thought processes
- B. Low self-esteem
- C. Hopelessness
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intense anger, acting out, and negative emotions indicate ineffective coping, as the patient struggles to manage stress adaptively. Disturbed thought processes, low self-esteem, and hopelessness may be present but are less directly tied to the described behaviors.
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When describing the concept of allostatic load to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor identify as abnormalities of which of the following as indicative of the overall changes?
- A. Nuclear imaging studies
- B. Laboratory test results
- C. Bone radiographs
- D. Cardiac studies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allostatic load reflects cumulative stress effects, often shown through abnormal laboratory test results (e.g., cortisol, inflammatory markers). Nuclear imaging, bone radiographs, and cardiac studies are less directly indicative of stress-related changes.
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about emotional responses to stress and the themes associated with them. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which emotion as associated with being moved by another?s suffering and wanting to help?
- A. Relief
- B. Hope
- C. Compassion
- D. Love
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Compassion is the emotion associated with being moved by another?s suffering and desiring to help. Relief involves stress reduction, hope anticipates positive outcomes, and love is a broader emotional bond, not specific to suffering.
A nurse is assessing a patient and the patient?s social networks. When evaluating this area, the nurse integrates knowledge that which of the following is an important component?
- A. Blood relationships
- B. Bonding with one another
- C. Reciprocity
- D. Emotional support
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reciprocity, the mutual exchange of support, is a key component of social networks, fostering interdependence. Blood relationships, bonding, and emotional support are important but secondary to the structural aspect of reciprocity.
A group of students are reviewing the events associated with the fight-or-flight response. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following results from sympathetic nervous stimulation?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Hypercoagulability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fight-or-flight response, driven by sympathetic nervous stimulation, causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) to prepare for action. Hypoglycemia, hypotension, and hypercoagulability are not primary outcomes of this response.
A nurse is performing an assessment interview with a patient. The patient tells the nurse that he has a type A personality. Based on the nurse?s interpretation, the nurse would expect which behavior by the patient?
- A. Appearing relaxed and easygoing throughout the interview
- B. Wanting the interview to be over as quickly as possible
- C. Being pleased with the overall pace of the interview
- D. Speaking slowly, requiring time to consider his answers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type A personality is characterized by impatience, competitiveness, and urgency, so the patient would likely want the interview to end quickly. Relaxed behavior, satisfaction with pace, or slow responses are more typical of Type B personalities.