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A nurse in a coronary care unit is admitting a patient who has had CPR following a cardiac arrest. The patient is receiving lidocaine IV at 2 mg/min. When the patient asks the nurse why he is receiving that medication, the nurse should explain that it has which of the following actions? Why is the patient receiving lidocaine?
- A. Relieves pain.
- B. Slows intestinal motility.
- C. Dissolves blood clots.
- D. Prevents dysrhythmias.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient is receiving lidocaine to prevent dysrhythmias after experiencing a cardiac arrest. Lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic drug that stabilizes the cardiac cell membrane, reducing the likelihood of abnormal electrical activity and dysrhythmias. It does not relieve pain, slow intestinal motility, or dissolve blood clots. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it directly addresses the purpose of administering lidocaine in this specific clinical scenario.
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A nurse is conducting discharge teaching for a patient who has seizures and a new prescription for phenytoin. Which statements by the patient indicate a need for further teaching? Which statement indicates a need for phenytoin teaching?
- A. I know that I cannot switch brands of this medication.
- B. I have made an appointment to see my dentist next week.
- C. I will notify my doctor before taking any other medications.
- D. I'll be glad when I can stop taking this medicine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I'll be glad when I can stop taking this medicine." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because phenytoin is typically a lifelong medication for managing seizures. Stopping it abruptly can lead to serious consequences such as increased risk of seizures. Therefore, the patient should be educated on the importance of adhering to the prescribed regimen.
Choice A is correct because it emphasizes the importance of not switching brands of phenytoin, as different formulations may have varying levels of the active ingredient. Choice B is important for overall health but not directly related to phenytoin teaching. Choice C is also crucial as phenytoin can interact with other medications, so notifying the doctor is necessary.
In summary, choice D is incorrect because discontinuing phenytoin without medical supervision can be harmful. Choices A, B, and C are correct as they address important aspects of managing phenytoin therapy.
A nurse assumes various roles while working with patients. Which of the following describes the nursing role of protecting the patient and supporting the patient's decisions? Which role involves protecting and supporting patient decisions?
- A. Advocate
- B. Manager
- C. Caregiver
- D. Educator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Advocate. Nurses act as advocates by protecting the patient's rights, ensuring their voice is heard, and supporting their decisions. Advocacy involves standing up for the patient's best interests and promoting autonomy. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Manager focuses on organizing and coordinating care, C: Caregiver involves providing direct physical and emotional care, and D: Educator focuses on providing information and teaching. Advocacy uniquely encompasses protecting and supporting the patient's decisions, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for citalopram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for citalopram?
- A. Take the medication in the morning.
- B. Report any suicidal thoughts.
- C. Avoid foods high in tyramine.
- D. Take the medication with food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report any suicidal thoughts. This is crucial because citalopram is an antidepressant that can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in the initial stages of treatment. Monitoring and reporting any such thoughts are essential for the patient's safety.
A: Take the medication in the morning - This is incorrect as citalopram can be taken at any time of the day, depending on individual preference and tolerability.
C: Avoid foods high in tyramine - This is incorrect as tyramine restriction is more relevant for MAOIs, not SSRIs like citalopram.
D: Take the medication with food - This is not a specific requirement for citalopram, as it can be taken with or without food.
A nurse is caring for a patient and notices that the patient's urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. Which of the following conditions should the nurse associate these findings with? Which condition is associated with dark, cloudy, odorous urine?
- A. Urinary retention
- B. Urinary incontinence
- C. Urinary tract infection
- D. Urinary frequency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urinary tract infection (UTI). Dark amber, cloudy, and odorous urine are common indicators of a UTI. The dark amber color may suggest the presence of blood or concentrated urine due to the infection. Cloudiness can result from the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other particles in the urine. The unpleasant odor is often caused by the presence of bacteria breaking down waste products in the urine. Urinary retention (A) usually presents with difficulty emptying the bladder, not changes in urine appearance. Urinary incontinence (B) refers to involuntary leakage of urine and is not typically associated with changes in urine characteristics. Urinary frequency (D) involves frequent urination but does not necessarily cause changes in urine appearance.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative following a cesarean section. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Which finding post-cesarean should the nurse report?
- A. Lochia serosa
- B. Fundus firm at the umbilicus
- C. Mild cramping
- D. Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Foul-smelling vaginal discharge. This finding indicates a possible infection, which is crucial to report to the provider for prompt intervention. Foul odor may indicate endometritis or other postoperative complications.
A: Lochia serosa is a normal finding post-cesarean.
B: Fundus firm at the umbilicus is a normal finding post-cesarean, indicating proper involution.
C: Mild cramping is common post-cesarean due to uterine contractions as it returns to its pre-pregnancy size.