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A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of heart failure and is receiving furosemide. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse monitor? Which lab result should the nurse monitor for furosemide?
- A. Serum potassium
- B. Serum calcium
- C. Serum magnesium
- D. Serum sodium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias in a patient with a history of heart failure. Serum calcium (B) and magnesium (C) are not directly affected by furosemide use. Serum sodium (D) monitoring is important for other conditions but not specific to furosemide therapy in this case.
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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of four children. Which value should the nurse report to the provider? Which lab value should the nurse report?
- A. Iron 38 mcg/dL.
- B. RBC 4.9 million/mm.
- C. WBC 10,000 cells/mm.
- D. Lead 2 mcg/dL.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron 38 mcg/dL. The nurse should report this value as it indicates a low iron level, which can lead to anemia in children. Anemia can have serious consequences on growth and development. Choice B is within the normal range for red blood cell count. Choice C is within the normal range for white blood cell count, which may indicate an infection or inflammation. Choice D is within the acceptable range for lead levels, but it is still important to monitor due to potential toxicity. Reporting the low iron level is crucial for early intervention and prevention of complications.
A nurse is educating a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy who has been newly prescribed finasteride. What should the nurse include in the teaching? What should the nurse include in finasteride teaching?
- A. Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice when taking this medication.
- C. PSA levels will increase while taking this medication.
- D. Expect to see a response from the medication within one week.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication. Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor commonly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy. One of the common side effects of finasteride is a decrease in libido due to its mechanism of action on hormone levels. This information is crucial for the patient to be aware of to monitor and report any changes in sexual function. Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with finasteride. Choice C is incorrect as PSA levels typically decrease with finasteride treatment. Choice D is incorrect as it may take several months to see a response from the medication due to its mechanism of action on prostate size.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for warfarin?
- A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
- B. Take the medication in the morning.
- C. Increase intake of vitamin C.
- D. Use a hard-bristled toothbrush.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Avoid foods high in vitamin K." Warfarin is a blood thinner that works by decreasing the blood's ability to clot. Vitamin K can counteract the effects of warfarin, so patients should avoid consuming large amounts of foods high in vitamin K, such as leafy greens. This instruction is crucial to ensure the medication's effectiveness and prevent complications like blood clots. Taking warfarin in the morning (B) or increasing vitamin C intake (C) does not directly impact its effectiveness. Using a hard-bristled toothbrush (D) can increase the risk of bleeding gums but is not a primary concern with warfarin therapy.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for atorvastatin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for atorvastatin?
- A. Take the medication in the morning.
- B. Report muscle pain or weakness.
- C. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
- D. Take the medication with grapefruit juice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report muscle pain or weakness. This is crucial because atorvastatin, a statin medication, can cause muscle-related side effects like myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. By instructing the patient to report muscle pain or weakness, the nurse can monitor for these serious adverse effects and take appropriate actions if needed.
A: Taking the medication in the morning is not specific to atorvastatin and can be taken at any time.
C: Avoiding foods high in vitamin K is not relevant to atorvastatin, as it does not interact with vitamin K.
D: Taking the medication with grapefruit juice is not recommended with atorvastatin as grapefruit juice can interact with certain medications, but not specifically with atorvastatin.
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a patient who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and a blood glucose level of 925 mg/dL. What prescription should the nurse anticipate from the provider? What prescription should the nurse anticipate for DKA?
- A. Glucocorticoid medications.
- B. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride.
- C. Oral hypoglycemic medications.
- D. 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus. In DKA, the primary concern is severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to high blood glucose levels. 0.9% sodium chloride helps to rehydrate the patient and correct electrolyte imbalances. Glucocorticoids (A) are not typically used in the treatment of DKA. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride (B) would worsen hyperglycemia. Oral hypoglycemic medications (C) are not appropriate for managing acute DKA. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate the prescription of 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus to address the immediate needs of the patient with DKA.