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A nurse in a day-care setting is planning play activities for 2- and 3-year-old children. Which toys are most appropriate for these activities?
- A. Finger paints and card games
- B. Blocks and push-pull toys
- C. Videos and cutting-and-pasting toys
- D. Simple board games and puzzles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate toys for 2- and 3-year-old children in a day-care setting are blocks and push-pull toys. Toddlers enjoy objects of different textures like clay, sand, finger paints, and bubbles, as well as push-pull toys, large balls, and sand and water play. They also like activities such as blocks, painting, coloring with large crayons, large puzzles, and playing with trucks or dolls. Finger paints and card games may be more suitable for older children. Videos and cutting-and-pasting toys are generally more appropriate for preschoolers. Blocks and push-pull toys are beneficial for young children as they help in developing fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, spatial awareness, and creativity. These toys also encourage imaginative play and problem-solving, making them ideal choices for toddlers.
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Central venous access devices (CVADs) are frequently utilized to administer chemotherapy. What is an advantage of using CVADs for chemotherapeutic agent administration?
- A. CVADs are more expensive than a peripheral IV.
- B. Weekly administration is possible.
- C. Chemotherapeutic agents can be caustic to smaller veins.
- D. The client or family can administer the drug at home.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct advantage of using CVADs for chemotherapeutic agent administration is that chemotherapeutic agents can be caustic to smaller veins. Many chemotherapeutic drugs are vesicants, which can cause tissue damage even in low concentrations. Using a CVAD to administer these agents into a large vein is optimal as it reduces the risk of damage. Choice A is incorrect as CVADs are actually more expensive than a peripheral IV, making it a disadvantage. Choice B is incorrect because the frequency of administration depends on the specific drug being administered, not on the access device, so it does not represent a universal advantage. Choice D is incorrect because IV chemotherapeutic agents are typically not self-administered at home; they are usually given in a hospital, outpatient, or clinic setting, making it an invalid advantage of using CVADs.
During a health assessment, a nurse is assisting with gathering subjective data from a client and plans to ask the client about the medical history of the client's extended family. About which family members would the nurse ask the client?
- A. Aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins
- B. Foster children and their parents
- C. Wife's children from a previous marriage
- D. Wife and wife's parents
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins.' When gathering medical history from the client's extended family, it is essential to inquire about relatives beyond the nuclear family, such as aunts, uncles, grandparents, and cousins, as they share genetic and environmental influences. Choice C, 'Wife's children from a previous marriage,' pertains to stepchildren, not extended family members. Choice B, 'Foster children and their parents,' involves individuals who are not biologically related to the client's family. Choice D, 'Wife and wife's parents,' focuses solely on immediate family members and excludes the client's extended family members, which are crucial for a comprehensive health assessment.
What causes an older female client's hair to turn gray?
- A. ''A loss of melanin occurs in the normal aging process.''
- B. ''The number of sweat glands and blood vessels decreases in the normal aging process.''
- C. ''The skin on the scalp becomes thin, causing moisture to escape.''
- D. ''It is caused by hereditary factors.''
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'A loss of melanin occurs in the normal aging process.' Graying hair in older adults is primarily due to a decrease in the number of melanocytes responsible for providing pigment and hair color. This reduction in melanin production leads to gray hair. The other choices are incorrect. While it is true that the skin becomes thinner with aging and the number of sweat glands and blood vessels decreases, these changes are not directly related to graying hair. Additionally, hereditary factors can influence when graying starts, but they do not cause the graying of hair itself.
A nurse is conducting a psychosocial assessment of a young adult. Which observations would lead the nurse to determine that the client is demonstrating a sign of emotional health?
- A. The young adult is sensitive to criticism.
- B. The young adult verbalizes unrealistic fears.
- C. The young adult verbalizes disappointment with life.
- D. The young adult verbalizes satisfaction with friendships.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is that the young adult verbalizes satisfaction with friendships. Emotional health in young adults is characterized by various positive signs, including satisfaction with social interactions and friendships. Expressing contentment with friendships indicates a healthy emotional state, fostering positive social connections. On the other hand, sensitivity to criticism, verbalizing unrealistic fears, and expressing disappointment with life are all indicative of emotional distress and potential mental health challenges. These behaviors can hinder social relationships and overall emotional well-being.
When preparing a client for surgery, the graduate nurse realizes the operative permit has not been signed. The client tells the nurse he understands the procedure but received his preoperative medication approximately 10 minutes prior. The appropriate action would be:
- A. Have the client sign the permit, as he verbalizes understanding.
- B. Witness the form after having the client sign it.
- C. Have his wife sign the form as she witnessed him saying he wants the surgery.
- D. Call the surgical area and explain the surgery will have to be cancelled.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct action in this scenario is to call the surgical area and explain that the surgery will have to be cancelled. The client must sign the operative permit or any other legal document before receiving preoperative medication. Without the signed permit, the surgery cannot proceed to ensure the client's safety and legal compliance. Having the client sign the permit, witnessing the form after the client signs it, or having someone else sign the form are all inappropriate actions and do not address the legal requirement of the client's signature before receiving preoperative medication.