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A nurse in a family practice clinic is screening an adolescent client for idiopathic scoliosis. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform as part of this screening?
- A. Measure the truncal rotation
- B. Administered 8 u regular insulin sq
- C. Determine if the stockings are binding
- D. Arrange for an ethics committee meeting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measure the truncal rotation. When screening for idiopathic scoliosis, assessing truncal rotation is essential as it helps in detecting the presence of spinal curvature. Truncal rotation is a key indicator of scoliosis as the spine rotates along with the curvature. This assessment involves observing the symmetry of the shoulders and scapulae, which can indicate spinal rotation. Therefore, measuring truncal rotation is a crucial step in identifying potential scoliosis in adolescents.
Summary:
B: Administered 8 u regular insulin sq - Irrelevant to scoliosis screening, this is related to diabetes management.
C: Determine if the stockings are binding - Irrelevant to scoliosis screening, this is related to circulation issues.
D: Arrange for an ethics committee meeting - Irrelevant to scoliosis screening, this is related to ethical considerations in healthcare.
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While conducting a literature review for an evidence-based project, the nurse recognizes that which type of study represents the lowest level of evidence?
- A. Case reports
- B. Cohort studies
- C. Randomized control trials
- D. Cross-sectional studies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Case reports. Case reports represent the lowest level of evidence because they are anecdotal, describing observations of individual cases without control groups or systematic data collection. They lack generalizability and are subject to bias. Cohort studies (B), randomized control trials (C), and cross-sectional studies (D) are higher levels of evidence with more rigorous study designs and stronger ability to establish causation and relationships between variables. Cohort studies follow a group over time, RCTs involve random allocation of participants into groups, and cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of a population at a specific point in time.
Select the great public health achievements in the United States in the 20th century. (Select all that apply.)
- A. Elimination of common infectious diseases
- B. Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard
- C. Fluoridation of drinking water
- D. Healthier mothers and babies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Elimination of common infectious diseases. This achievement significantly improved public health by decreasing morbidity and mortality rates. It was made possible through advancements in vaccination programs, sanitation practices, and public health education. This achievement led to the eradication of diseases like smallpox and the near-elimination of diseases like polio. The other choices are incorrect because although they are also important public health achievements, they do not have the same widespread impact as the elimination of common infectious diseases. Recognizing tobacco as a health hazard (B) led to public health campaigns and regulations but did not have the same broad-reaching impact. Fluoridation of drinking water (C) improved dental health but did not have the same magnitude of impact on overall public health. Healthier mothers and babies (D) is crucial but does not encompass the scope of achievement represented by the elimination of common infectious diseases.
Which action will the public health nurse perform when conducting an ethical community study?
- A. Require each participant who provides informed consent to complete the study.
- B. Obtain informed consent only from vulnerable populations.
- C. Get informed consent only if the risks of participating in the study are high.
- D. Obtain informed consent from each participant in the study.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obtaining informed consent from each participant in the study is a fundamental ethical principle in research involving human subjects. This process ensures that participants are fully informed about the study, its risks, benefits, and their rights before agreeing to participate. This protects their autonomy and respects their right to make an informed decision about taking part in the study. Requiring each participant to provide informed consent also promotes transparency and trust between researchers and participants. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not uphold the principle of obtaining informed consent from each participant, which is essential for ethical research conduct.
A staff nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse suction a client’s tracheostomy. Which of the following actions by the newly-licensed nurse requires intervention by the staff nurse?
- A. Waits for 2 minutes between suctions
- B. Engaging in policy development and encourage and assist persons to communicate their needs
- C. Giving a very informative and engaging presentation
- D. Identifying and planning for high-risk populations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because waiting for 2 minutes between suctions is not recommended practice for tracheostomy care. Suctioning should be performed as needed based on the patient's clinical presentation, not on a fixed time interval. Waiting too long between suctions can lead to ineffective removal of secretions, compromising the patient's airway.
Choice B, C, and D are incorrect because they are unrelated to the scenario of suctioning a tracheostomy. Choice B refers to policy development and communication skills, Choice C mentions giving a presentation, and Choice D involves planning for high-risk populations. These choices do not pertain to the immediate nursing intervention needed during tracheostomy care.
A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about infection prevention at a community center. Which of the following statements by a client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted.
- B. I should take antibiotics when I have a virus.
- C. I can clean my cat's litter box during my pregnancy.
- D. I should wash my hands for 10 seconds with hot water after working in the garden.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted." This statement indicates understanding of infection prevention as chickenpox is contagious until the sores crust over, which typically takes about 5 days. Visiting after this period reduces the risk of transmission. Choice B is incorrect because antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Choice C is incorrect because pregnant individuals should avoid cleaning cat litter due to the risk of toxoplasmosis. Choice D is incorrect as handwashing should last at least 20 seconds with soap and warm water for effective prevention of infection.