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A nurse is counseling a group of clients from a town that was affected by a hurricane 6 months ago. For which of the following clients should the nurse initiate a referral to assess for the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder? (Select all that apply.)
- A. A client who describes feeling disconnected from those around him following the hurricane.
- B. A client who has frequent nightmares about the hurricane.
- C. A client who expresses a realization that life will not return to the way it was before the hurricane.
- D. A client who describes having persistent feelings of anger about the hurricane.
- E. A client who describes having persistent feelings of anger about the hurricane.
Correct Answer: A, B, E
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, E. Feeling disconnected, having nightmares, and persistent anger are common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event like a hurricane. Referring these clients for further assessment is crucial to determine if they meet the criteria for PTSD diagnosis. Choice C describes a realistic assessment of the situation and does not necessarily indicate PTSD. Choice D, which is repeated, also describes persistent anger, which is a symptom but is already covered by choice E.
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A public health nurse has developed a research question and searched the literature for supporting
- A. In which step of evidence-based decision-making would the nurse compile the research findings and identify specific trends in the data?
- B. Defining the problem
- C. Synthesizing the literature
- D. Appraising the literature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesizing the literature. In evidence-based decision-making, synthesizing the literature involves compiling research findings and identifying specific trends in the data. This step allows the nurse to analyze and interpret the information gathered from various sources to draw meaningful conclusions and make informed decisions. Defining the problem (choice B) is the initial step of evidence-based decision-making. Appraising the literature (choice D) comes after synthesizing, where the nurse evaluates the quality and relevance of the gathered evidence. Choices E, F, and G are not applicable in this context.
Which action will the public health nurse perform when conducting an ethical community study?
- A. Require each participant who provides informed consent to complete the study.
- B. Obtain informed consent only from vulnerable populations.
- C. Get informed consent only if the risks of participating in the study are high.
- D. Obtain informed consent from each participant in the study.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obtaining informed consent from each participant in the study is a fundamental ethical principle in research involving human subjects. This process ensures that participants are fully informed about the study, its risks, benefits, and their rights before agreeing to participate. This protects their autonomy and respects their right to make an informed decision about taking part in the study. Requiring each participant to provide informed consent also promotes transparency and trust between researchers and participants. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not uphold the principle of obtaining informed consent from each participant, which is essential for ethical research conduct.
The nurse is performing an environmental assessment in an apartment building where many people have reported burning eyes, skin rash, stuffy nose, and sore throat. Which type of hazard does the nurse anticipate is present in the apartment building?
- A. Radon
- B. Mice
- C. Mold
- D. Lead
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mold. Mold can cause symptoms like burning eyes, skin rash, stuffy nose, and sore throat. Mold thrives in damp environments, common in buildings. Radon (A) is a colorless, odorless gas found in soil and can cause lung cancer. Mice (B) can carry diseases but do not typically cause these symptoms. Lead (D) exposure can lead to neurological issues, not the symptoms described. The other choices are not relevant to the symptoms reported.
Which of the following is the best way to increase the number of persons who come to their screening test appointments?
- A. Reminding clients via telephone, e-mail, or mail
- B. Emphasizing long life and happy family when conditions are caught early and treated successfully
- C. Pointing out how inexpensive and convenient screening tests are
- D. Stressing the dangerousness of the condition if not caught early
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reminding clients via telephone, e-mail, or mail. This is the best way to increase attendance as it utilizes multiple communication channels to ensure clients are aware of their appointments. Reminders help reduce no-show rates by keeping the appointment fresh in their minds. Option B focuses on the benefits of early detection but does not address the issue of attendance directly. Option C emphasizes cost and convenience, but these factors may not be the primary motivators for attending appointments. Option D uses fear tactics, which may not be effective for all individuals and could lead to avoidance. Overall, option A is the most practical and effective method to increase attendance at screening test appointments.
Personal responsibility for health involves active participation in one's own health through education and lifestyle changes. Which exemplify personal responsibility? (Select allthat apply.)
- A. Reviewing one's own medical records
- B. Monitoring the positive and negative effects of prescription and over-th
- C. counter medications
- D. Avoiding tobacco and recreational drug use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because reviewing one's own medical records allows individuals to understand their health history, track changes, and communicate effectively with healthcare providers. This exemplifies personal responsibility as it empowers individuals to take charge of their health by being informed and proactive.
Choice B is incorrect because monitoring medication effects is important but not directly related to personal responsibility for health through education and lifestyle changes. Choice D is incorrect as avoiding tobacco and drugs is a lifestyle choice, not an action that involves active participation in one's health through education.