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A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing data from a client's medical record. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
- A. Orthostatic hypotension.
- B. BMI of 24.
- C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- D. Family history of osteoporosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes increases cardiovascular risk due to vascular damage.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a laminectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when repositioning the client?
- A. Place the client's arms above her head prior to logrolling.
- B. Place the client in semi-Fowler's position prior to logrolling.
- C. Place the bed in the lowest position before logrolling the client.
- D. Place a pillow between the client's legs prior to logrolling.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A pillow maintains spinal alignment during logrolling post-laminectomy.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who reports vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Hypermagnesemia.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Hyponatremia.
- D. Hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vomiting and diarrhea cause sodium loss, leading to hyponatremia.
A nurse is caring for a client who had an indwelling urinary catheter inserted 3 days ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Use a catheter securing device to hold the catheter in place.
- B. Obtain urine from the drainage bag if a urinary specimen is required.
- C. Change the catheter bag every 3 days and as needed.
- D. Position the drainage bag higher than the client's bladder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Securing the catheter prevents movement and reduces infection risk.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has crutches regarding the use of the three-point gait. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Stand with the crutch tips against the feet.
- B. Bear weight on the unaffected leg.
- C. Keep the crutches at the level of the axillae.
- D. Hold the arms straight when walking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight on the unaffected leg is key to the three-point gait for stability.
A nurse is caring for a client who is dying. One of the client's family members tells the nurse, 'I need to help. What can I do?' Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Suggest that the family member contact a grief counselor.
- B. Describe a personal experience with the death of a family member.
- C. Include the family member in providing care for the client.
- D. Ask if they have had prior experience with the death of a family member.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Involving the family member in care provides purpose and comfort.