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A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing data from a client's medical record. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
- A. BMI of 24
- B. Orthostatic hypotension
- C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- D. Family history of osteoporosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes increases cardiovascular risk due to chronic hyperglycemia.
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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about advance directives with a client who has terminal colorectal cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I'm glad to have the opportunity to choose what kind of care I receive while I still can.
- B. If I want life support, I'll need to sign a separate consent form first.
- C. I can't change my mind about the care I will receive once I sign my living will.
- D. Once I fill out my living will, there will be a 1-month delay before it is legally binding.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Advance directives allow clients to specify care preferences, reflecting autonomy.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is immobile and has a potential deep-vein thrombosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Tortuous veins
- B. Clammy skin
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Calf swelling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calf swelling is a classic sign of DVT, requiring urgent reporting.
Nurses' Notes
Vital Signs
Diagnostic Results
6 months ago:
Client present today for annual examination. Reports lack of sleep and increased stress due to moving and starting a new job.
Today, 1400:
Client presents to office today with reports of fatigue. Client states they have difficulty sleeping without drinking four or five beers a night. Client reports, "I sometimes get headaches along with nausea and vomiting. I have been busy with my new job, so I have been eating a lot of fast food, and I've gained 15 pounds."
Today, 1445.
Provider notified of laboratory results.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client in a provider's office. A nurse is planning care for the client. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?
- A. Administer a diuretic.
- B. Limit alcohol intake to 2 drinks per day.
- C. Keep daily fat intake to less than 35%
- D. Place on 2300 mg sodium diet.
- E. Administer an antibiotic
- F. Limit foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: A: Addresses fluid retention from fast food. B, C, D: Manage weight gain and hypertension risks.
A nurse is providing end-of-life care to a client who is experiencing dyspnea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide oral care to the client once every 8 hr.
- B. Reposition the client once every 4 hr.
- C. Place the head of the client's bed flat.
- D. Use a fan to circulate air in the client's room.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repositioning helps relieve dyspnea by improving lung expansion and comfort.
The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with the client and their caregiver. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Ensure the oxygen delivery system is at least 8 feet from any heat source
- B. Adjust the oxygen flow rate as needed to ease breathing.
- C. Take antibiotic medication with or without food.
- D. Decrease the steroid dose each day.
- E. Take antibiotics for 10 days.
- F. Store the oxygen cylinder wrench with the oxygen tank.
- G. Take steroid medication in the morning.
Correct Answer: A,E,F,G
Rationale: A: Safety precaution. E: Standard antibiotic duration. F: Accessibility for emergencies. G: Morning steroids reduce adrenal suppression.