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A nurse in a urgent care clinic is caring for an infant who presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Olguria
- B. Decreased sensitivity
- C. Evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases
- D. Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oliguria. When an infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake, they are at risk of dehydration. Oliguria, which is decreased urine output, is a common manifestation of dehydration. This occurs as the body tries to conserve fluid. Other choices are incorrect as they are not related to the symptoms described. Decreased sensitivity, evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases, and introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum are all unrelated to the clinical presentation of vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake in an infant.
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A public health nurse is managing several projects for the community. Which of the following interventions should the nurse identify as a primary prevention strategy?
- A. Conducting mental health screenings at the local community center
- B. Referring clients who have obesity to community exercise programs
- C. Teaching parenting skills to expectant mothers and their partners
- D. Providing crisis intervention through a mobile counseling unit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Teaching parenting skills to expectant mothers and their partners. This is a primary prevention strategy because it aims to prevent the occurrence of health issues by promoting positive behaviors and skills before any problems arise. By educating expectant mothers and their partners on parenting skills, the nurse is helping to establish a healthy family environment which can lead to positive health outcomes for both the parents and the child.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Conducting mental health screenings - This is more of a secondary prevention strategy aimed at early detection and treatment of mental health issues.
B: Referring clients with obesity to exercise programs - This is more of a tertiary prevention strategy focused on managing existing health conditions.
D: Providing crisis intervention - This is a secondary prevention strategy addressing immediate mental health crises but not preventing future issues.
Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eightprinciples. Which are domains of public health nursing practice? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Intuitive assessment skills
- B. Community organization skills
- C. Communication skills
- D. Cultural competency skills
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community organization skills. Public health nursing involves working with communities to promote health and prevent diseases. Community organization skills are essential for collaborating with community members, organizations, and stakeholders to develop and implement effective health programs.
A: Intuitive assessment skills - While assessment skills are important in public health nursing, they are not necessarily intuitive. Public health nurses rely on evidence-based assessments rather than intuition.
C: Communication skills - Communication skills are crucial in public health nursing, but they are not specific to this specialty. Most nursing specialties require strong communication skills.
D: Cultural competency skills - While cultural competency is important, it is not a domain specific to public health nursing. Cultural competency is relevant in all areas of nursing practice.
A nurse successfully persuades an obese client to perform a weekly weigh-in at homeusing a digital scale and record the weight in a log. This strategy is an example of:
- A. Telehealth
- B. Health information technology
- C. Personal responsibility for health
- D. Evidenc
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, "Personal responsibility for health." This is because by persuading the client to monitor and record their weight at home, the nurse is empowering the client to take ownership of their health and actively participate in managing their weight. This strategy encourages the client to be accountable for their health outcomes and promotes self-care. Option A, "Telehealth," is incorrect because it refers to the delivery of healthcare services through technology, not necessarily personal responsibility. Option B, "Health information technology," is also incorrect as it pertains to the use of technology to manage health information, not about individual responsibility. Option D is cut off, but if it were "Evidence-based practice," it would be incorrect as it does not directly relate to the client's responsibility for their health.
A nurse in a family practice clinic is screening an adolescent client for idiopathic scoliosis. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform as part of this screening?
- A. Measure the truncal rotation
- B. Administered 8 u regular insulin sq
- C. Determine if the stockings are binding
- D. Arrange for an ethics committee meeting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measure the truncal rotation. When screening for idiopathic scoliosis, assessing truncal rotation is essential as it helps in detecting the presence of spinal curvature. Truncal rotation is a key indicator of scoliosis as the spine rotates along with the curvature. This assessment involves observing the symmetry of the shoulders and scapulae, which can indicate spinal rotation. Therefore, measuring truncal rotation is a crucial step in identifying potential scoliosis in adolescents.
Summary:
B: Administered 8 u regular insulin sq - Irrelevant to scoliosis screening, this is related to diabetes management.
C: Determine if the stockings are binding - Irrelevant to scoliosis screening, this is related to circulation issues.
D: Arrange for an ethics committee meeting - Irrelevant to scoliosis screening, this is related to ethical considerations in healthcare.
A public health nurse working in a rural area is developing a program to improve health for the local population. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Launch a media campaign to increase awareness about industrial pollution.
- B. Have a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures at the county hospital.
- C. Encourage rural residents to focus health spending on tertiary health interventions.
- D. Provide anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools is an effective strategy to improve health outcomes in a rural area. This approach promotes preventive health measures, educates parents on child development and safety, and empowers them to make informed health decisions. It also reaches a wide audience and utilizes existing community resources.
A) Launching a media campaign about industrial pollution may raise awareness but does not directly address the health needs of the local population.
B) Having a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures may not be as effective as engaging with local healthcare providers who understand the community's unique needs.
C) Focusing health spending on tertiary interventions is costly and may not address the root causes of health issues in a rural area.