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A nurse in a urgent care clinic is caring for an infant who presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Olguria
- B. Decreased sensitivity
- C. Evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases
- D. Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oliguria. When an infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake, they are at risk of dehydration. Oliguria, which is decreased urine output, is a common manifestation of dehydration. This occurs as the body tries to conserve fluid. Other choices are incorrect as they are not related to the symptoms described. Decreased sensitivity, evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases, and introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum are all unrelated to the clinical presentation of vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake in an infant.
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A nurse is planning a community health program about Parkinson's disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as a tertiary prevention strategy?
- A. Provide daily exercise classes to improve ambulation for clients who have Parkinson's disease.
- B. Provide screenings for community members to identify early manifestations of Parkinson's disease.
- C. Educate clients about common techniques used to diagnose Parkinson's disease.
- D. Educate clients who are at risk for Parkinson's disease about maintaining a low-cholesterol diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide daily exercise classes to improve ambulation for clients who have Parkinson's disease. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and further deterioration in individuals already diagnosed with a disease. In Parkinson's disease, exercise is crucial to maintain mobility and function. Regular exercise helps improve balance, strength, and coordination, which can slow down the progression of the disease and enhance quality of life. Providing daily exercise classes specifically tailored to individuals with Parkinson's disease aligns with tertiary prevention goals by promoting physical activity and independence.
Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on early identification rather than intervention for those already diagnosed. Choice C is incorrect as educating about diagnostic techniques is more aligned with secondary prevention. Choice D is incorrect as maintaining a low-cholesterol diet is not a specific tertiary prevention strategy for Parkinson's disease.
A nurse is caring for a client who is comatose and has advance directives that indicate the client does not want life-sustaining measures. The client's family wants the client to have life sustaining measures. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Arrange for an ethics committee meeting
- B. Balancing the bottle on the sterile basin while pouring the liquid
- C. Determine the client's current anxiety level
- D. Tell the child there will be discomfort during the catheter insertion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arrange for an ethics committee meeting. In this scenario, the client has clear advance directives that they do not want life-sustaining measures. The nurse's primary responsibility is to advocate for the client's wishes, as outlined in their advance directives. By arranging an ethics committee meeting, the nurse can facilitate a discussion involving healthcare professionals, the client's family, and possibly legal experts to ensure that the client's wishes are respected while also addressing the concerns of the family. This process allows for a thorough review of the situation and consideration of all perspectives before making a final decision.
Choice B is incorrect because it is unrelated to the client's care preferences. Choice C is irrelevant as the client's anxiety level does not impact the decision about life-sustaining measures. Choice D is also unrelated to the client's advance directives and is not a priority in this situation.
Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health?
- A. What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy
- B. Social conditions in which people live and work
- C. Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
- D. Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately defines social determinants of health as what society collectively does to create conditions for health. It emphasizes the importance of societal actions in promoting health outcomes for individuals. Choice B refers to social conditions but does not explicitly mention the collective responsibility of society. Choice C focuses on community health but does not encompass the broader societal role. Choice D is about health information management, not social determinants. Choices E, F, and G are not provided, so they are irrelevant. In summary, A is correct as it highlights the societal efforts in creating a healthy environment, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not fully capture the concept of social determinants of health.
A public health nurse has developed a research question and searched the literature for supporting
- A. In which step of evidence-based decision-making would the nurse compile the research findings and identify specific trends in the data?
- B. Defining the problem
- C. Synthesizing the literature
- D. Appraising the literature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesizing the literature. In evidence-based decision-making, synthesizing the literature involves compiling research findings and identifying specific trends in the data. This step allows the nurse to analyze and interpret the information gathered from various sources to draw meaningful conclusions and make informed decisions. Defining the problem (choice B) is the initial step of evidence-based decision-making. Appraising the literature (choice D) comes after synthesizing, where the nurse evaluates the quality and relevance of the gathered evidence. Choices E, F, and G are not applicable in this context.
A nurse is caring for a client who is wearing anti-embolic stockings. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Determine if the stockings are binding
- B. Palpate the distal pulse to the cast
- C. Waits for 2 minutes between suctions
- D. Ask security to detain the client until the provider is notified
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Determine if the stockings are binding. This is important because anti-embolic stockings should not be too tight as it can impede circulation, leading to complications. Palpating the distal pulse to the cast (B) is unrelated to anti-embolic stockings. Waiting for 2 minutes between suctions (C) is not relevant to the care of a client wearing anti-embolic stockings. Asking security to detain the client until the provider is notified (D) is inappropriate and violates the client's rights.