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A public health nurse working in a rural area is developing a program to improve health for the local population. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Launch a media campaign to increase awareness about industrial pollution.
- B. Have a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures at the county hospital.
- C. Encourage rural residents to focus health spending on tertiary health interventions.
- D. Provide anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools is an effective strategy to improve health outcomes in a rural area. This approach promotes preventive health measures, educates parents on child development and safety, and empowers them to make informed health decisions. It also reaches a wide audience and utilizes existing community resources.
A) Launching a media campaign about industrial pollution may raise awareness but does not directly address the health needs of the local population.
B) Having a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures may not be as effective as engaging with local healthcare providers who understand the community's unique needs.
C) Focusing health spending on tertiary interventions is costly and may not address the root causes of health issues in a rural area.
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A nurse in a urgent care clinic is caring for an infant who presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Olguria
- B. Decreased sensitivity
- C. Evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases
- D. Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oliguria. When an infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake, they are at risk of dehydration. Oliguria, which is decreased urine output, is a common manifestation of dehydration. This occurs as the body tries to conserve fluid. Other choices are incorrect as they are not related to the symptoms described. Decreased sensitivity, evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases, and introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum are all unrelated to the clinical presentation of vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake in an infant.
What is the primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice?
- A. Improving health care infrastructure
- B. Enhancing patient satisfaction
- C. Promoting environmental justice
- D. Reducing health care costs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice is to promote environmental justice. This involves addressing health disparities caused by environmental factors impacting vulnerable populations. By advocating for fair treatment and equal access to a healthy environment, nurses can contribute to improving overall health outcomes. Improving health care infrastructure (A) focuses on facilities and resources, not specifically on environmental justice. Enhancing patient satisfaction (B) and reducing health care costs (D) are important but not the primary goal of environmental health integration in nursing practice.
Public health nursing is distinguished from other specialties by adherence to eightprinciples. Which is one of the eight domains of public health nursing practice?
- A. Policy development and individual planning skills
- B. Individual dimensions of practice skills
- C. Financial planning and management skills
- D. Leadership and individual critical thinking skills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Policy development and individual planning skills. This domain is crucial in public health nursing as it involves advocating for policies that promote health and prevent disease within communities. Public health nurses need to understand how policies are developed and implemented to address population health issues effectively. Choices B, C, and D focus on individual aspects of practice and do not capture the population-based perspective of public health nursing. Therefore, they are incorrect.
A nurse is teaching a prenatal class about infection prevention at a community center. Which of the following statements by a client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted.
- B. I should take antibiotics when I have a virus.
- C. I can clean my cat's litter box during my pregnancy.
- D. I should wash my hands for 10 seconds with hot water after working in the garden.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I can visit my nephew who has chickenpox 5 days after the sores have crusted." This statement indicates understanding of infection prevention as chickenpox is contagious until the sores crust over, which typically takes about 5 days. Visiting after this period reduces the risk of transmission. Choice B is incorrect because antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Choice C is incorrect because pregnant individuals should avoid cleaning cat litter due to the risk of toxoplasmosis. Choice D is incorrect as handwashing should last at least 20 seconds with soap and warm water for effective prevention of infection.
Which action will the public health team take during the Exposure Assessment stage of the EPA's four- step risk assessment following a train derailment resulting in a toxic chemical spill?
- A. Identifying potential negative outcomes due to exposure to the toxic chemicals
- B. Identifying how the amount of exposure relates to the severity of negative health outcomes
- C. Quantifying the extent, frequency, and length of contact of the community with the toxic chemicals
- D. Determining how the toxic chemicals are absorbed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the Exposure Assessment stage, the public health team will quantify the extent, frequency, and length of contact of the community with the toxic chemicals. This is crucial for determining the level of risk posed by the exposure. Identifying potential negative outcomes (Choice A) is important but falls under the Hazard Identification stage. Understanding the relationship between exposure amount and health outcomes (Choice B) is part of the Dose-Response Assessment stage. Determining how chemicals interact with the body (Choice D) is covered in the Toxicokinetics stage. Therefore, choice C is correct as it directly addresses the primary focus of the Exposure Assessment stage.