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A nurse in the diabetes clinic initiates education for a patient with a new diagnosis of diabetes. The nurse notes the patient has completed 2 years of college. What action does the nurse select for the initial teaching session?
- A. Providing the patient with handouts related to blood-glucose management
- B. Demonstrating the use of the blood-glucose monitor and tool to record blood-glucose readings
- C. Assessing the patient's knowledge of diabetes and their ability to interpret the health information
- D. Explaining the dietary restrictions including foods that are prohibited
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing the patient's baseline knowledge and health literacy is critical before initiating education, especially for a patient with some college education, to tailor the teaching to their needs and avoid redundant or overly simplistic information.
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A nurse is teaching first aid to counselors of a summer camp for children with asthma. This is an example of what aim of health teaching?
- A. Promoting health
- B. Preventing illness
- C. Restoring health
- D. Facilitating coping
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Teaching first aid is a function of the goal to prevent illness. Promoting health involves helping patients to value health and develop specific health practices that promote and maintain wellness. Restoring health occurs once a patient is ill, and teaching focuses on developing self-care practices that promote recovery. When facilitating coping, nurses help patients come to terms with whatever lifestyle modification is needed for their recovery or to enable them to cope with permanent health alterations.
A nurse is teaching patients of all ages in a hospital setting. Which teaching examples are appropriate for the patient's developmental level? Select all that apply.
- A. The nurse plans long teaching sessions to discuss diet modifications for an older adult diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- B. The nurse recognizes that a female adolescent diagnosed with anorexia is still dependent on her parents and includes them in all teaching sessions.
- C. The nurse designs an exercise program for a sedentary older adult male patient based on the activities he prefers.
- D. The nurse includes an 8-year-old patient in the teaching plan for managing cystic fibrosis.
- E. The nurse demonstrates how to use an inhaler to an 11-year-old male patient and includes his mother in the session to reinforce the teaching.
- F. The nurse continues a teaching session on STIs for a sexually active male adolescent despite his protest that 'I've heard enough already!'
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Successful teaching plans for older adults incorporate extra time, short teaching sessions, accommodation for sensory deficits, and reduction of environmental distractions. Older adults also benefit from instruction that relates new information to familiar activities or information. School-aged children are capable of logical reasoning and should be included in the teaching-learning process whenever possible; they are also open to new learning experiences but need learning to be reinforced by either a parent or health care provider as they become more involved with their friends and school activities. Teaching strategies designed for an adolescent patient should recognize the adolescent's need for independence, as well as the need to establish a trusting relationship that demonstrates respect for the adolescent's opinions.
A nurse on the rehabilitation unit is counseling a young adult athlete who sustained a traumatic below-the-knee amputation following a motorcycle accident. The patient refuses to eat or ambulate, stating, 'What's the point? My life is over. I'll never be the football player I dreamed of becoming.' What is the nurse counselor's best response?
- A. You're young and have your whole life ahead of you. You should focus on your rehabilitation and make something of your life.
- B. I understand how you must feel. I wanted to be a famous singer, but I wasn't born with the talent to be successful at it.
- C. You should concentrate on other sports that you could play even with prosthesis.
- D. I understand this is difficult for you. Would you like to talk about it now or would you prefer me to make a referral to someone else?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This answer communicates respect and sensitivity to the patient's needs and offers an opportunity to discuss their feelings with the nurse or another health care professional. The other answers do not allow the patient to express their feelings and receive the counseling they need.
A nurse is teaching an adult patient how to care for their new ostomy appliance. Which evaluation method is most appropriate to confirm that the patient has learned the information?
- A. Ask Me 3
- B. Newest Vital Sign (NVS)
- C. Teach-Back Method
- D. TEACH acronym
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Teach-Back Method tool is a method of assessing literacy and confirming that the learner understands health information received from a health professional. The Ask Me 3 is a brief tool intended to promote understanding and improve communication between patients and their providers. The NVS is a reliable screening tool to assess low health literacy, developed to improve communications between patients and providers. The TEACH acronym is used to maximize the effectiveness of patient teaching by tuning into the patient, editing patient information, acting on every teaching moment, clarifying often, and honoring the patient as a partner in the process.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with traumatic injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. While hospitalized, the patient's spouse tells the patient that their house flooded, damaging their belongings. When the nurse notes that the patient is visibly upset by this news, the nurse suggests which type of counseling?
- A. Long-term developmental
- B. Short-term situational
- C. Short-term motivational
- D. Long-term motivational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Short-term counseling might be used during a situational crisis, which occurs when a patient faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in life, such as a flood. Long-term counseling extends over a prolonged period; a patient experiencing a developmental crisis, for example, might need long-term counseling. Motivational interviewing is an evidence-based counseling approach that involves discussing feelings and incentives with the patient.