Nokea
Lynn is an older adult who lives alone and has requested advice on how to eat a nutritious diet as cheaply as possible. One useful, practical tip for Lynn might be to _____.
- A. buy just a few pieces of fresh fruit at a time, in different stages of ripeness
- B. choose small boxes of frozen vegetables instead of large bags
- C. purchase pre-sliced or shredded cheese rather than whole pieces
- D. avoid buying certain foods in bulk, such as beans or dried legumes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Buying a few pieces of fresh fruit at different stages of ripeness ensures that Lynn will have ripe fruit available over several days, reducing waste and cost. Choice B focuses on frozen vegetables but doesn't address the variety and ripeness factor like Choice A. Choice C is about cheese, which may not be as essential for a nutritious diet compared to fresh fruit. Choice D suggests avoiding certain foods in bulk, which might not be as relevant for maintaining a nutritious diet economically as the strategy in Choice A.
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Because of increasing cases of fluorosis, low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula. Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What is a likely effect on a patient whose lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia?
- A. Infection
- B. Rickets
- C. Hypertension
- D. Edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoalbuminemia, which refers to low albumin levels in the blood, is often associated with edema. Albumin helps maintain oncotic pressure, which keeps fluid within blood vessels. When albumin levels are low, this pressure decreases, leading to fluid leakage from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, resulting in edema. The other choices are less likely effects of hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemia doesn't directly cause infections (Choice A), rickets (Choice B) caused by vitamin D deficiency, or hypertension (Choice C) associated with factors like high sodium intake, obesity, and genetic predisposition.
A condition that often progresses to become type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
- A. type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B. high blood pressure
- C. chronic pancreatitis
- D. impaired glucose tolerance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Impaired glucose tolerance is a pre-diabetic state characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels. It is often associated with insulin resistance and can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Choice A) is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to a lack of insulin production. High blood pressure (Choice B) and chronic pancreatitis (Choice C) are not directly linked to the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Which vitamin is crucial for collagen synthesis and wound healing?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is crucial for collagen synthesis, a process important for wound healing. Collagen is a key protein that helps in wound repair and tissue strength. Vitamin D is primarily known for its role in calcium absorption and bone health, not directly related to collagen synthesis. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage but is not directly involved in collagen synthesis. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but does not play a major role in collagen synthesis for wound healing.
What activities best describe the work of the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. surrounding and cushioning the fetus
- B. combining maternal and fetal blood stores to exchange nutrients
- C. producing hormones that maintain the pregnancy
- D. absorbing vitamins and minerals that can be transferred to the fetus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The placenta plays a crucial role in producing hormones that are necessary for maintaining pregnancy, supporting fetal development, and preparing the mother's body for childbirth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the placenta's primary function is not to surround and cushion the fetus, combine blood stores for nutrient exchange, or absorb vitamins and minerals. While the placenta does facilitate the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and fetus, its hormone production is the most critical function during pregnancy.