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A nurse interviewing a non–English-speaking client with an interpreter should: (Select all that apply.)
- A. Look and speak to the interpreter.
- B. Use technical terminology to ensure accuracy.
- C. Allow more time for the interview.
- D. Watch the client’s nonverbal communication.
Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale: The correct answers are C, D, and E. C is crucial as it allows for effective communication, D involves observing nonverbal cues, and E emphasizes the need for clear and concise language. A is incorrect as the nurse should address the client directly, not just the interpreter. B is incorrect as using technical terms may hinder understanding.
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How does dehydration impact older adults more than younger adults?
- A. Older adults have a higher percentage of body water
- B. Older adults have reduced kidney function and thirst sensation
- C. Dehydration does not affect older adults more significantly
- D. Older adults are less prone to dehydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because older adults have reduced kidney function, which impairs their ability to concentrate urine and retain water. Additionally, they may have a diminished thirst sensation, making them less likely to drink enough fluids. This combination of factors makes older adults more vulnerable to dehydration compared to younger adults.
Choice A is incorrect because older adults actually have a lower percentage of body water due to age-related changes in body composition. Choice C is incorrect as dehydration can indeed have a more significant impact on older adults due to their physiological changes. Choice D is incorrect as older adults are actually more prone to dehydration due to various age-related factors.
In the document “Recommended Baccalaureate Competencies and Curricular Guidelines for the Nursing Care of Older Adults” developed by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, recommendations include which of the following?
- A. Provision of a free-standing course in gerontology within the curriculum
- B. Integration of gerontological content throughout the curriculum
- C. Requirement of gerontological certification for all students before completion of a BSN program
- D. Structured clinical experiences with older adults across the continuum of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Integration of gerontological content throughout the curriculum. This is because integrating gerontological content throughout the curriculum ensures that nursing students are exposed to and learn about caring for older adults in various courses, rather than just in a standalone course. This approach better prepares students to provide holistic care to older adults in different clinical settings.
A: Provision of a free-standing course in gerontology within the curriculum may limit exposure to gerontological content and may not provide a comprehensive understanding of caring for older adults.
C: Requiring gerontological certification for all students before completion of a BSN program is not mentioned in the document and may not be feasible or necessary for all nursing students.
D: While structured clinical experiences with older adults across the continuum of care are essential, this alone may not ensure that students receive a comprehensive education in gerontological care if the content is not integrated throughout the curriculum.
The home care nurse is performing an environmental assessment in the home of an older adult. Which of the following requires immediate nursing action?
- A. Unsecured scattered rugs
- B. Operable smoke detector
- C. Prefilled medication cassette
- D. Unsecured scattered rugs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Unsecured scattered rugs. This requires immediate nursing action as it poses a significant fall risk for the older adult. Rugs can cause tripping hazards, leading to potential injuries. The nurse should secure or remove the rugs to ensure the safety of the patient.
Summary of other choices:
B: Operable smoke detector - While important for safety, it does not require immediate nursing action as it is already in working condition.
C: Prefilled medication cassette - This is not an immediate safety concern and can be addressed during routine medication management.
D: Unsecured scattered rugs (repeated) - This choice is the same as the correct answer, so it is incorrect.
A family member asks if vitamin C will prevent aging. The nurse considers which theory?
- A. Free radical theory
- B. Immunological theory
- C. Oxidative stress theory
- D. Telomere theory
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Free radical theory. Vitamin C is thought to prevent aging by combatting free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. Immunological theory (B) focuses on the role of the immune system in aging. Oxidative stress theory (C) is related to free radical theory but does not specifically address the role of vitamin C. Telomere theory (D) pertains to the shortening of telomeres, which are protective structures at the end of chromosomes, but is not directly related to the role of vitamin C in preventing aging.
Based on current demographic data, which of the following statements identifies a predictive trend regarding the health care needs of society?
- A. Most nurses will not need to care for older persons.
- B. More nursing services will be required to serve the needs of the population older than 85 years of age.
- C. Fewer nurses will be needed to care for older adults.
- D. Older adults expect their quality of life to be less than that of earlier generations at their ages.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because demographic data shows an increasing aging population, leading to a higher demand for healthcare services for individuals over 85. This trend indicates a greater need for nursing services to cater to the specific health care needs of this age group. Option A is incorrect as the aging population will require more care. Option C is also incorrect as fewer nurses will not be sufficient to meet the increasing demand. Option D is irrelevant to the predictive trend of healthcare needs based on demographics.