Nokea
A nurse is administering a Dopamine infusion at a low dose to a client who has severe heart failure. Which of the following findings is an expected effect of this medication?
- A. Lowered heart rate
- B. Increased myocardial contractility
- C. Decreased conduction through the AV node
- D. Vasoconstriction of renal blood vessel
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low-dose dopamine increases contractility via beta-adrenergic effects, improving cardiac output.
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A man is given a drug to reduce thyroid gland size and vascularity before surgical thyroidectomy. Which mechanism is responsible for its use in this setting?
- A. inhibition of the sodium/iodide symporter
- B. inhibition of thyroperoxidase
- C. inhibition of TSH secretion
- D. inhibition of thyroid hormone release
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhibition of thyroid hormone release (e.g., by iodides) reduces gland size and vascularity pre-surgery.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Valproic Acid. The nurse should instruct the client that while taking this medication he will need to have which of the following laboratory tests completed periodically?
- A. Thrombocyte count
- B. Hematocrit
- C. Amylase
- D. Kidney function tests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproic acid requires monitoring of platelets for bleeding risk and liver function for hepatotoxicity.
The American Heart Association and the American Dietetic Association recommend a minimum daily fiber intake of for cardiovascular health:
- A. 10 mg/day
- B. 15 mg/day
- C. 20 mg/day
- D. 25 mg/day
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 25 g/day of fiber is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk by lowering cholesterol and improving glucose control.
A newly developed medication for pulmonary hypertension targets blood vessels in the lungs, but does not affect blood vessels in the liver. Which of the following is most likely true of this medication?
- A. It is a ligand that is specific for lung and liver blood-vessel receptors. but which is metabolized rapidly in the liver
- B. It is a ligand that is specific for blood-vessel receptors in the lung but not in the liver
- C. It is a receptor that is upregulated when oxygen tension in the lungs is low
- D. It is a receptor that is only expressed on blood vessels in the lungs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medication's specificity for lung blood vessels suggests it targets receptors unique to that tissue, not the liver.
In which of the following patients would a nurse expect to see an alteration in drug metabolism?
- A. A 35-year-old female with cervical cancer
- B. A 41-year-old male with kidney stones
- C. A 50-year-old male with cirrhosis of the liver
- D. A 62-year-old female in acute renal failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not be metabolized normally and toxic levels could develop. In cirrhosis patients the drug dosage will need to be altered to ensure normal levels in the body.